참고문헌
- Tyler, V. E. : Herbal remedies. J Pharm Technol 11, 214-220 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1177/875512259501100510
- Nah, S. Y. : Ginseng; Recent advances and Trends. J. Ginseng Res. 21, 1-12 (1997)
-
Nah, S. Y., Park, H. J. and McCleskey, E.W. : A trace component of ginseng that inhibit
$Ca^{2+}$ channels through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 8739-8743 (1995) -
Choi, S., Kim, H. J., Ko, Y. S., Jeong, S. W., Kim, Y. I., Simonds, W. E, Oh, j. W. and Nab, S. Y. :
$G{\alpha}_{q/11}$ coupled to mammalian PLC$\beta$ 3-like enzyme mediates the ginsenoside effect on$Ca^{2+}$ -activated CJ current in the Xenopus oocyte. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 48797-48802 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M104346200 -
Rhim, H., Kim, H., Lee, D. Y., Oh, T. H. and Nab, S. Y. : Ginseng and ginsenoside
$Rg_3$ , a newly identified active ingredient of ginseng, modulate$Ca^{2+}$ channel currents in rat sensory neurons. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 436, 151-158 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(01)01613-2 -
Miller, R. J. : Rocking and rolling with
$Ca^{2+}$ channels. Trends in Neurosci. 24, 445-449 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01859-2 - Nah, S.Y. and McCleskey, E. W. : Ginseng root extract inhibits calcium channels in rat sensory neurons through a similar path, but different receptor, as m-type opioids. J Ethnopharmacol 42, 45-51 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)90022-1
-
Kim, H. S., Lee, J. H., Koo, Y. S. and Nab, S. Y. : Effects of ginsenosides on
$Ca^{2+}$ channels and membrane capacitance in rat adrenal chromaffin cells. Brain Res Bull. 46, 245-251 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-9230(98)00014-8 -
Choi, S., Jung, S. Y., Kim, C. H., Kim, H. S., Rhim, H., Kim, S. C. and Nah, S. Y. : Effect of ginsenosides on voltagedependent
$Ca^{2+}$ channel subtypes in bovine chromaffin cells. J. Ethnopharmacol. 74, 75-81 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00353-6 - Wickman, K. D. and Clapham, D. E. : G-protein regulation of ion channels. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 5, 278-285 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-4388(95)80039-5
-
Kim, N. K., Kang, S. Y., Park, J. H. and Schini-Kerth, V. B. : Ginsenoside
$Rg_3$ mediates endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to ginsenosides in rat aorta: role of$K^+$ channels. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 367, 41-49 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(98)00898-X -
Chung, I. and Kim, N. D. : Ginseng saponins enhance maxi
$Ca^{2+}$ -activated$K^+$ currents of the rabbit coronary artery smooth muscle cells. J. Ginseng Res. 23, 230-234 (1999) -
Chung, I. and Lee, J. S. : Ginsenoside
$Rg_3$ increases the ATPsensitive$K^+$ channel activity in the smooth muscle of the rabbit coronary artery. J. Ginseng Res. 23, 235-238 (1999) -
Li, Z., Chen, X., Niwa, Y., Sakamoto, S. and Nakaya, Y. : Involvement of
$Ca^{2+}$ -activated$K^+$ channels in ginsenosidesinduced aortic relaxation in rats. J.Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 37,41-47 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-200101000-00005 -
Dascal, N. : Signaling via the G prorein-activated
$K^+$ channels. Cell Signal. 9,551-573 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00095-8 - Choi, S., Jung, S. Y., Ko, Y. S., Koh, S. R., Rhim, H. and Nah, S. Y. : Functional Expression of a novel ginsenoside Rf binding protein from rat brain mRNA in Xenopus oocytes. Mol. Pharmacol. 61, 928-935 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.61.4.928
-
Jeong, S. M., Lee, J. H., Kim, J. H., Lee, B. H., Yoon, I. S., Lee, J. H., Kim, D. H., Rhim, H., Kim, Y. and Nah, S. Y. : Stereospecificity of ginsenoside
$Rg_3$ action on ion channels. Mol. Cells 18, 383-389 (2004) -
Liu, D., Li., B., Liu, Y, Attele, A.S., Kyle, J. W. and Yuan, C. S. : Voltage-dependent inhibition of brain
$Na^+$ channels by American ginseng. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 413, 47-54 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(01)00735-X - Lindstrom, J. : Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. p153-175. In: North, A (ed), CRC Handbook of Receptors. CRC Press, Florida (1995)
- Sargent, P. B. : The diversity of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 16,403-443 (1993) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.16.030193.002155
-
Tachikawa, E., Kudo, T., Kashimoto, T. and Takashshi, E. : Ginseng saponins reduce acetylcholine-evoked
$Na^+$ influx and catecholamine secretion in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 273, 629-636 (1995) - Campos-Caro, A., Smillie, E. I., Del Toro, E. D., Rovira, J. C., Vicente-Agullo, E., Chapuli, J., Juiz, J. M., Sala, S., Sala, E., Ballesta, J. and Criado, M.: Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on bovine chromaffin cells: cloning, expression, and genomic organization of receptor subunits. J. Neurochem. 68,488-497 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68020488.x
- Choi, S., Jung, S. Y, Lee, J. H., Sala, E., Criado, M., Mulet, J., Valor L. M., Sala, S., Engel, A. G. and Nah, S. Y.: Effects of ginsenosides, active components of ginseng, on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 442, 37-45 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(02)01508-X
-
Sala, F., Mulet, J., Choi, S., Jung, S. Y., Nah, S. Y., Rhim, H., Valor, L. M., Criado, M. and Sala, S. : Effects of ginsenoside
$Rg_2$ on human neurona nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 301, 1052-1059 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.301.3.1052 -
Maricq, A. V., Peterson, A. S., Brake, A. J., Myers, R. M. and Julius, D. : Primary structure and functional expression of the 5-
$HT_3$ receptor, a serotonin-gated ion channel. Science, 254, 432-437 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1718042 -
Choi, S., Lee, J. H., Oh, S., Rhim, H., Lee, S. M. and Nah, S. Y. : Effects of ginsenoside
$Rg_2$ on the 5-$HT_3$ receptor-mediated ion current in Xenopus oocytes. Mol. Cells 15, 108-113 (2003) -
Lee, B. H., Jeong, S. M., Lee, J. H., Kim, D. H., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. I., Shin, H. C, Lee, S. M. and Nah, S. Y : Differential effect of ginsenoside metabolites on the 5-
$HT_{3A}$ receptor-mediated ion current in Xenopus oocytes. Mol. Cells 17, 51-56 (2004) - Dingledine, R., Borges, K., Bowie, D. and Traynelis, S. E : Glutamate receptor ion channels. Pharmacol. Rev. 51, 7-62 (1999)
-
Kim, Y. C, Kim, S. R., Markelonis, G. J. and Oh, T. H. : Ginsenosides
$Rb_1$ and$Rg_3$ protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurodegeranation. J. Neurosci. Res.53.426-432 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980815)53:4<426::AID-JNR4>3.0.CO;2-8 - Seong, Y. H., Shin, C S., Kim, H. S. and Baba, A. : Inhibitory effect of ginseng total saponins on glutamate-induced swelling of cultured atrocytes. Biol. Pharm.Bull. 18, 1776-1778 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.18.1776
-
Abe, K., Cho, S. I., Kitagawa, I., Nishiyama, N. and Saito, H. : Differential effects of ginsenoside
$Rb_1$ and malonylginsenoside$Rb_1$ on long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of rats. Brain Res. 649, 7-11 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(94)91042-1 - Yoon, S. R., Nah, J. J., Shin, Y. H., Kim, S. K., Nam, K. Y., Choi, H. S. and Nah, S. Y. : Ginsenosides induce differential antinocicepion and inhibit substance P induced-nociceptive response in mice. Life Sci. 62, PL319-PL325 (1998)
- Nah, J. J., Choi, S., Kim, Y. H., Kim, S. C, Nam, K. Y., Kim, J. K. and Nah, S. Y. : Effect of spinally administered ginseng total saponin on capsaicin-induced pain and excitatory amino acid-induced nociceptive responses. J. Ginseng Res. 23, 38-43 (1999)
- Lee, J. H., Kim, S. H., Kim, D., Hong, H. N. and Nah, S. Y. : Protective effect of ginsenosides, active ingredients of Panax ginseng, on kainate-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocam- pus. Neurosci. Lett. 325, 129-133 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00256-2
- Kim, S., Ahn, K., Oh, T. H., Nah, S. Y. and Rhim, H. : Inhibitory effect of ginsenosides on NMDA receptor-mediated signals in rat hippocampal neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 296, 247-254 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00870-7
- Shin, E. K., Park, H. W., Kim, S. C. and Jung, N. P. : The effect of ginseng components on the signal transduction in the activation of murine macrophages. Kor J Ginseng Sci 20, 159-167 (1996)
- Hong, H.Y., Yoo, G. S. and Choi, J. K. : Effects of ginsenosides on pp60c- sre kinase, intracellular calcium and cell proliferation in NIH 3T3 cells. J Ginseng Res 22, 126-132 (1998)
-
Choi, S., Rho, S. H., Jung, S. Y., Kim, S. C., Park, C. S. and Nah, S. Y. : A novel activation of
$Ca^{2+}$ -activated$CI^-$ channel in Xenopus oocytes by ginseng saponins: evidence for the involvement of phospholipase C and intracellular$Ca^{2+}$ mobilization. British J. Pharmacol. 132, 641-648 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0703856 - Jeong, S. M., Lee, J. H., Kim, S., Rhim, H., Lee, R.H., Kim, J. H., Oh, J. W., Lee, S. M. and Nah, S. Y. : Ginseng saponins induce store-operated calcium entry in Xenopus oocytes. Br. J. Pharmacol. 142, 585-593 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0705797
- Berridge, M. J., Bootman, M. D. and Lipp, P. : Calcium - a life and death signal. Nature, 395, 645-668 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1038/27094