Measurement Technique for Soil Loss Estimation Using Laser Distance Meter in Sloped Upland

거리측정기를 이용한 경사지 밭의 토양유실량 평가

  • Park, Chol-Soo (National Institute of Highland Agriculture, RDA) ;
  • Jung, Yeong-Sang (Division of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Joo, Jin-Ho (Division of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Gye-Jun (National Institute of Highland Agriculture, RDA)
  • 박철수 (농촌진흥청 고령지농업연구소) ;
  • 정영상 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 생물환경학부) ;
  • 주진호 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 생물환경학부) ;
  • 이계준 (농촌진흥청 고령지농업연구소)
  • Received : 2005.05.13
  • Accepted : 2005.05.30
  • Published : 2005.06.30

Abstract

The measurement technique using laser distometer to estimate soil erosion on sloped upland was assessed for its possibility for application. This technique was practiced in lysimeter installed in Chuncheon and Pyeongchang in 2001. The lysimeter installed at Chuncheon has 12% slope, 10 m slope length, 2 m width, and soil texture was sandy loam, while the lysimeter installed at Pyeongchang showed 23% slope, 15 m slope length, 5 m width, and sandy loam soil. Change of surface soil height was monitored using laser distance meter before and after rainy season on same spots. The Investigated periods in Chuncheon and Pyeongchang were from 22 June to 22 September and from July to October, respectively. Precipitation in Chuncheon and Pyeongchang in this period was 892.2 and 931.9 mm, respectively. Rainfall over 60% of annual precipitation was concentrated on July and August in Chuncheon and September and October in Pyeongchang, respectively. By monitoring the change of surface soil height using laser distance meter before and after rainy season, eroded soil surface in up-down fallow field in Chuncheon was 0.874 cm, while eroded soil surface in slant furrow field in Pyeongchang was 1.127 cm, which correspond to 79.5 and $98.0MT\;ha^{-1}$. Soil erosion increased as furrow length increased. Amounts of estimated soil loss using laser distance meter was 0.98-1.18 times higher compared to the estimated values through Iysimeter experiment, which implies possibility for application to monitor soil loss particularly in up-down and slant furrowed field. However, in the lysimeter with contoured tillage, amount of estimated soil loss using laser distance meter was approximately a half compared to that from lysimeter experiment, which implies inadequacy of distance meter application in contour- tillage field. The great soil loss difference between distance meter and lysimeter might be caused by disruption of some of the contoured furrows in lysimeter. The measurement technique using distometer in this study could be useful to estimate soil loss especially in up-down and slant-tillage fields.

경사지 밭에서 토양유실량을 실측하기 위하여 레이저 거리측정기를 이용하는 장치를 만들어 시험을 하였다. 시험은 강원도 춘천과 평창에서 2001년에 라이시미터와 인근 경사밭에서 이루어졌다. 춘천포장은 사양토에 12% 경사도를 가진 라이시미터였고, 평창은 사양토에 경사도가 23%인 라이시미터와 경사도가 15%인 농가의 밭이었다. 레이저 거리측정기를 강우집중 시기 전과 후에 동일한 높이에서 측정하여 토양표면의 변화를 조사하였다. 조사기간은 춘천이 6월 22일부터 9월 22일까지 이었으며, 평창은 7월부터 10월까지 조사하였다. 이 기간동안 춘천에서 892.2 mm, 평창에서 931.9 mm의 강우가 내렸으며, 춘천은 7월과 8월에 평창은 9월과 10월에 강우의 집중현상을 보였다. 거리측정기를 이용하여 표면의 변화를 측정한 결과, 춘천 라이시미터의 상하경나지구에서 0.874 cm의 토양침식이 일어난 것으로 조사되었고, 평창 라이시미터의 사경재배구는 1.127 cm의 침식이 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 조사된 표면침식을 단위면적에 대한 토양유실량으로 환산하면 $79.5MT\;ha^{-1}$$98.0MT\;ha^{-1}$이 된다. 골의 길이에 따른 침식은 15% 경사를 가진 농가의 당근 밭에서 조사하였는데, 20 m부터 침식이 급격히 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 경사장이 길어질수록 측정반복간에 편차가 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 레이저 거리측정기에 의해 조사된 토양유실량과 라이시미터에 의해 평가된 토양유실량을 비교한 결과, 레이저 거리측정법이 라이시미터 측정치보다 춘천에서 평균 0.98배, 평창에서 1.14배로 두 측정법 간에 유사한 수준을 보였다. 거리측정기의 정밀도를 높이고 반복 측정점을 두어 평가한다면 거리측정기에 의한 토양유실량 측정방법이 다양한 조건의 농경지의 토양유실량 평가에 있어 쉽고 간편하게 사용할 수 있는 대단히 유용한 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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