The Association of High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein(hsCRP) with Hypertension in Some Rural Residents

일부 농촌지역 주민의 High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein(hsCRP)과 고혈압의 관련성

  • Lee, Young-Seon (Sun-Cheon City, Health Center) ;
  • Park, Jong (Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kang, Myeong-Guen (Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Ki-Soon (Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine) ;
  • Ryu, So-Yeon (Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine)
  • 이영선 (순천시 보건소) ;
  • 박종 (조선의대 예방의학교실) ;
  • 강명근 (조선의대 예방의학교실) ;
  • 김기순 (조선의대 예방의학교실) ;
  • 류소연 (조선의대 예방의학교실)
  • Published : 2005.09.01

Abstract

Objectives : This study was performed to assess the association between high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) and hypertension. Methods : We evaluated the relationship between hsCRP with hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors, using a cross-sectional survey of 202 people over the age of 50, living in a rural area. A logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between hsCRP and hypertension. The hsCRP levels were divided in quartiles, and the odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), calculated, using the lowest quartile as a reference. Results : The subjects consisted of 37.1% men and 62.9% women, with a mean (SD) hsCRP level of $1.9({\pm}3.0mg/{\ell})$ . The overall prevalence of hypertension was 61.4%. The prevalence of hypertension according to the hsCRP quartile was not statistically significant. After adjustment for confounding variables, the prevalence of hypertension according to the subjects in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th hsCRP quartiles were 1.418 (95% CI=0.554-3.628), 1.124 (95% CI=0.392-3.214) and 0.892 (95% CI=0.312-2.547) times higher, respectively, compared to those in the 1st quartile. Conclusions : The results showed that the level of hsCRP was not a risk factor for hypertension among adults aged over 50 years, living in a rural area. A further study should be performed to find the association between hsCRP and hypertension.

Keywords

References

  1. Burt VL, Whelton P, Roccella E, Brown C, Cutler JA, Higgins M, Horan MJ, Labarthe D. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population : results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Hypertension 1995; 25: 305-313
  2. Xu X, Niu T, Christiani DC, Weiss ST, Zhou Y, Chen C, Yang J, Fang Z, Jiang Z, Liang W, Zhang F. Environmental and occupational determinants of blood pressure in rural communities in China. Ann Epidemiol 1997; 7: 95-106 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1047-2797(96)00126-3
  3. 보건복지부. 한국인의 주요 상병 및 건강행태 분석 - 2001년 국민건강.영양조사 건강 부분 심층분석 결과 -. 2003
  4. Jee SH, Suh I, Kim IS, Appel LJ. Smoking and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in men with low levels of serum cholesterol : The korean medical insurance corporation study. JAMA 1999; 282: 2149-2155 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.22.2149
  5. Fuentes RM, Notkola IL, Shemeikka S, Tuolilehto J, Nissinen A. Familial aggregation of blood pressure : a population-based family study in eastern Finland. J Hum Hypertens 2000; 14: 441-445 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001049
  6. MacMahon S, Cutler J, Brittain E, Higgins M. Obesity and hypertension : Epidemiological and clinical issues. Eur Heart J 1987; Suppl B: 57- 70
  7. Elliott P. Observational studies of salt and blood pressure. Hypertension 1991; 17: 13-18
  8. Marmot MG, Elliott P, Shipley MJ, Dyer AR, Ueshima H, Beevers DG, Stamler R, Kesteloot H, Rose G, Stamler J. Alcohol and blood pressure : The intersalt study. BMJ 1994; 308: 1263-1267 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6939.1263
  9. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Amery A. Life style as a determinant of blood pressure in the general population. Am J Hypertens 1994; 7: 685-694
  10. Stamler J, Caggiula A, Grandits GA, Kjelsberg M, Cutler JA. Relationship to blood pressure of combinations of dietary macronutrients. Findings of the multiple risk factor intervention trial(MRFIT). Circulation 1996; 94: 2417- 2423 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.94.10.2417
  11. Sung KC, Suh JY, Kim BS, Kang JH, Kim H, Lee MH, Park JR, Kim SW. High sensitivity C-reactive protein as an independentrisk factor for essential hypertension. AJH 2003; 16: 429- 433 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-7061(03)00566-1
  12. Ross R. Atherosclerosis : An inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 115-126 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199901143400207
  13. Ridker PM, Fifai N, Pfeffer M, Sacks F, Lepage S, Braunwald E, for the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events(CARE) Investigators. Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ and increased risk of recurrent coronary events after myocardial infarction. Circulation 2000; 101: 2149-2153 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.101.18.2149
  14. Sinisalo J, Paronen J, Mattila KJ, Syrjala M, Alfthan G, Palosuo T, Mieminen MS, Vaarala O. Relation of inflammation to vascular function in patients with coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2000; 149: 403-411 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00333-0
  15. Bautista LE, Jopex-Jaramillo P, Vera LM, Casas JP, Otero AP, Guaracao AI. Is Creactive protein an independent risk factor for essential hypertension? J Hypertens 2001; 19: 857-861 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200105000-00004
  16. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, Jones, DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT, Roccella EJ, and the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh report of the joint national committee on the prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension 2003; 42: 1206-1252 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2
  17. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Frederickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without the use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1792; 19: 499-502
  18. Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Bruemmer J, Simoons ML, for the CAPTURE Investigators. Predictive value of C-reactive protein and troponin T in patients with unstable angina : a comparative analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: 1535-1542 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00581-7
  19. Mendall MA, Patel P, Ballam L, Strachan D, Northfield TC. C-reactive protein and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors : a population based cross sectional study. BMJ 1996; 312: 1061-1065 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7038.1061
  20. de Ferranti S, Rifai N. C-reactive protein and cardiovascualr disease : a review of risk prediction and interventions. Clinica Chimica Acta 2002; 317: 1-15 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-8981(01)00797-5
  21. Fichtlscherer S, Rosenberger G, Walter DH, Bruer S, Dimmeler S, Zeiher AM. Elevated Creactive protein levels and impaired endothelial vasoreactivity in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 2000; 102: 1000-1006 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.102.9.1000
  22. Fernandeez-Real JM, Vayreda M, Richarat C, Gutierrez C, Broch M, Vendrell J, Ricart W. Circulating interleukin 6 levels, blood pressure, and insulin sensitivity in apparently healthy men and women. J Clin Endocronol Metab 2001; 86: 1154-1159 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.86.3.1154
  23. Rohde LE, Hennekens CH, Ridker PM. Survey of C-reactive protein and cardiovascularrisk factors in apparently healthy men. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84: 1018-1022 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(99)00491-9
  24. Ko UY, Kim JS, Wen Y, Lim MK, Ko MJ. Prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of hypertension in a rural adult population. Korean J Epidemiol 1996; 18: 55-63 (Korean)
  25. Kin HO. A study on the prevalence rate of hypertension and the actual conditions of control. Community Nurs 1999; 10: 154-172 (Korean)
  26. Korean Association of Public Health Doctor, Oh BH, Kim CY, Lee KS, Khang YH, Lee YJ, Kang WC. The prevalence of hypertension in the rural area of Korea. Korean J Med 1999; 53: 299-315 (Korean)
  27. Ha YC, Chun HJ, Hwang HK, Kim BS, Kim JR. The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, and related factors in rural Korea. Korean J Prev Med 2000; 33(4): 513-520 (Korean)