Purification and Characterization of a New Peptidase, Bacillopeptidase DJ-2, Having Fibrinolytic Activity: Produced by Bacillus sp. DJ-2 from Doen-Jang

  • CHOI, NACK-SHICK (Proteome and Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • YOO, KI-HYUN (Proteome and Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • HAHM, JEUNG-HO (Proteome and Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • YOON, KAB-SEOG (Proteome and Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • CHANG, KYU-TAE (Primate Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • HYUN, BYUNG-HWA (Primate Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology) ;
  • PIL, JAE-MAENG (Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University) ;
  • KIM, SEUNG-HO (Proteome and Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology)
  • Published : 2005.02.01

Abstract

A new Bacillus peptidase, bacillopeptidase DJ-2 (bpDJ-2), with molecular mass of 42 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) of 3.5- 3.7, was purified to homogeneity from Bacillus sp. DJ-2 isolated from Doen-Jang, a traditional Korean soybean fermented food. The enzyme was identified as an extracellular serine fibrinolytic protease. The optimal conditions for the reaction were pH 9.0 and $60^{\circ}C$. The first 18 amino acid residues of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of bpDJ-2 were TDGVEWNVDQIDAPKAW, which is identical to that of bacillopeptidase F (bpf). However, based on their Nterminal amino acid sequence, molecular size, and pI, it is different from that of bpf and extracellular 90 kDa. The whole (2,541 bp, full-bpDJ-2) and mature (1,956 bp, mature-bpDJ-2) genes were cloned, and its nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence were determined. The expressed proteins, full-bpDJ-2 and mature-bpDJ-2, were detected on SDSPAGE at expected sizes of 92 and 68 kDa, respectively.

Keywords

References

  1. Chang, C. T., M. H. Fan, F. C. Kuo, and H. Y. Sung. 2000. Potent fibrinolytic enzyme from a mutant of Bacillus subtilis IMR-NK1. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 3210- 3216 https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000020k
  2. Choi, N. S., K. H. Yoo, K. S. Yoon, K. T. Chang, P. J. Maeng, and S. H. Kim. 2005. Identification of recombinant subtilisins. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 15: 35-39
  3. Doi, R. H. 1983. In Recombinant DNA Techniques, pp. 162-163. R. L. Rodriguez and R.C. Tait (eds.), Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., MA, U.S.A.
  4. Fujita, M., K. Nomura, K. Hong, Y. Ito, A. Asada, and S. Nishimuro. 1993. Purification and characterization of a strong fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese natto, a popular soybean fermented food in Japan. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commum.197: 1340- 1347 https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1993.2624
  5. Hageman, J. H. and B. C. Carlton. 1973. Effects of mutational loss of specific intracellular proteases on the sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 114: 612- 617
  6. Hong, I. P., H. K. lang, S. Y. Lee, and S. G. Choi. 2003. Cloning and characterization of a bifunctional cellulasechitosanase gene from Bacillus licheniformis NBL420. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 13: 35- 42
  7. Kato, T., Y. Yamagata, T. Arai, and E. Ichishima. 1992. Purification of a new extracellular 90-kDa serine protease with isoelectric point of 3.9 from Bacillus subtilis (natto) and elucidation of its distinct mode of action. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 56: 1166- 1168 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.56.1166
  8. Kim, H. K., G. T. Kim, D. K. Kim, W. A. Choi, S. H. Park, Y. K. Jeong, and I. S. Kong. 1997. Purification and characterization of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus sp. KA38 originated from fermented fish. J. Ferment. Bioeng, 84: 307- 312 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0922-338X(97)89249-5
  9. Kim, J. S., I. S. Lee, S. Lee, Y. P. Lee, C. Jung, H. C. Kim, and S. Y. Choi. 2002. Cloning and expression of the aminopeptidase gene from the Bacillus licheniformis in Bacillus subtilis. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 773-779
  10. Kim, S. H. and N. S. Choi. 2000. Purification and characterization of subtilisin DJ-4 secreted by Bacillus sp. strain DJ-4 screened from Doen-Jang. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 64: 1722- 1725 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.64.1722
  11. Kim, S. H., N. S. Choi, and W. Y. Lee. 1998. Fibrin zymography: A direct analysis of fibrinolytic enzymes on gels. Anal. Biochem. 263: 115- 116 https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1998.2816
  12. Kim, T. W., S. H. Jung, J. Y. Lee, S. K. Choi, S. H. Park, J. S. Jo, and H. Y. Kim. 2003. Identification of lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi using SDS-PAGE profiles of whole cell proteins. J. Microbial, Biotechnol. 13: 119- 124
  13. Kim, W., K. Choi, Y. Kim, H. Park, J. Choi, Y. Lee, H. Oh, I. Kwon, and S. Lee. 1996. Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme produced from Bacillus sp. strain CK 11-4 screened from Chungkook-Jang. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62: 2482- 2488
  14. Laemmli, U. K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680-685 https://doi.org/10.1038/227680a0
  15. Mihara, H., H. Sumi, T. Yoneta, H. Mizumoto, R. Ikeda, M. Seiki, and M. Maruyama. 1991. A novel fibrinolytic enzyme extracted from the earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus. Jpn. J. Physiol. 41: 461-472 https://doi.org/10.2170/jjphysiol.41.461
  16. Millet, J. 1970. Characterization of proteinases excreted by Bacillus subtilis Marsburg strain during sporulation. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 23: 207- 219
  17. Nakamura, T., Y. Yamagata, and E. Ichishima.1992. Nucleotide sequence of the subtilisin NAT gene, aprN, of Bacillus subtilis (Natto). Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 56: 1869- 1871 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.56.1869
  18. Peng, Y., Q. Huang, R. H. Zhang, and Y. Z. Zhang. 2003. Purification and characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DC-4 screened from douchi, a traditional Chinese soybean food. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 134B: 45- 52 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1096-4959(02)00183-5
  19. Prestidge, L., V. Gage, and J. Spizizen. 1971. Protease activities during the course of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 107: 815-823
  20. Robertson, E. E., K. Dannelly, P. J. Malloy, and H. C. Reeves. 1987. Rapid isoelectric focusing in a vertical polyacrylamide minigel system. Anal. Biochem. 167: 290- 294 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90166-7
  21. Roitsch, C. A. and J. H. Hageman. 1983. Bacillopeptidase F: Two forms of a glycoprotein serine protease from Bacillus subtilis 168. J. Bacteriol. 155: 145-152
  22. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual. Second Ed. CSH, New York, U.S.A.
  23. Sloma, A., G. A. Jr. Rufo, C. E Rudolph, B. J. Sullivan, K. A. Theriault, and J. Pero. 1990. Bacillopeptidase F of Bacillus subtilis: Purification of the protein and cloning of the gene. J. Bacteriol. 172: 1470- 1477 https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.3.1470-1477.1990
  24. Sumi, H., H. Hamada, H. Tsushima, H. Mihara, and H. Muraki. 1987. A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese natto; a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet. Experientia 43: 1110- 1111 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01956052
  25. Sumi, H., H. Hamada, K. Nakanishi, and H. Hiratani. 1990. Enhancement of the fibrinolytic activity in plasma by oral administration of nattokinase. Acta Haematol. 84: 139- 143 https://doi.org/10.1159/000205051
  26. Sumi, H., N. Nakajima, and C. Yatagai. 1995. A unique strong fibrinolytic enzyme (Katsuwokinase) in Skipjack 'shiokara', a Japanese traditional fermented food. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 112B: 543- 547 https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(95)00100-X
  27. Tsuru, D., H. Kira, T. Yamamoto, and J. Fukumoto. 1966. Studies on bacterial protease. XlV. Zn as an essential metal component of neutral protease of Bacillus subtilis var. amylosacchariticus. Agric. Biol. Chem. 30: 1261-1268 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.30.1261
  28. Tsuru, D., H. Kira, T. Yamamoto, and J. Fukumoto. 1967. Studies on bacterial protease. XVII. Proteolytic specificity of neutral protease of Bacillus subtilis var. amylosacchariticus. Agric. Biol. Chem. 31: 718- 723 https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb1961.31.718
  29. Uehara, H., K. Yamane, and B. Maruo, 1979. Therrnosensitive, extracellular neutral protease in Bacillus subtilis: Isolation, characterization and genetics. J. Bacteriol. 139: 583- 590
  30. Wu, X. C. S. Nathoo, A. S. H. Pang, T. Carne, and S. L. Wong. 1990. Cloning, genetic organization, and characterization of a structural gene encoding bacillopeptidase F from Bacillus subtilis. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 6845- 6850
  31. Yoon, S. J., M. A. Yu, G. S. Sim, S. T. Kwon, J. K. Hwang, J. K. Shin, I. H. Yeo, and Y. R. Pyun. 2002. Screening and characterization of microorganisms with fibrinolytic activity from fermented foods. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 12: 649-656