Statistical Analysis of 1,000 Cases of Kawasaki Disease Patients Diagnosed at a Single Institute

단일 기관에서 진단받은 가와사끼병 환아 1,000례의 통계학적 분석

  • Hwang, Dae Hwan (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Sin, Kyoung Mi (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Kyong Min (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Jae Young (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Sul, Jun Hee (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Dong Soo (Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
  • 황대환 (연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 신경미 (연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 최경민 (연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 최재영 (연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 설준희 (연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 김동수 (연세대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Received : 2004.09.03
  • Accepted : 2004.10.15
  • Published : 2005.04.15

Abstract

Purpose : To find the risk factors associated with coronory artery lesions, non-responsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) treatment, and recurrences in Kawasaki disease patients. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 1,000 Kawasaki disease patients who were admitted to Yonsei University Medical Center from September 1990 to December 2003. We compared between responder and non-responder groups to IVIG treatment as well as between relapsed and non-relapsed groups, and as to the relapsed group, we also compared variables between patients in their first and second attack states. Finally, factors associated with longer-fever duration from disease onset were evaluated. Results : Longer fever durations before and after IVIG treatment, male sex, lower Hgb and Hct level, higher WBC count and segmented WBC proportion, and higher CRP and Harada's score were related with coronary artery lesions. Non-responsiveness was related to higher WBC count, segmented WBC proportion, CRP, SGPT, Harada's score, and pyuria. Moderate-to-severe coronary artery dilatations and recurrences were more commonly seen among the non-responder group. No significant predictive factors for recurrence were found. In the relapsed group, lower WBC count, CRP, and shorter fever duration from disease onset were observed in their second attack state. Fever duration from disease onset showed positive correlation with WBC count, CRP, and Harada's score and negative correlation with Hgb levels. Conclusion : Higher WBC count, CRP, and higher Harada's score were related to both higher incidences of coronary artery lesions and non-responsiveness to IVIG treatment, and these factors were also related with longer fever duration. Non-responders to IVIG treatment showed higher recurrence rate and more moderate-to-severe coronary artery dilatations than responders.

목 적 : 가와사끼병 환아의 특성과 관상동맥 이상, IVIG에 대한 비반응 및 병의 재발 등에 대해 관련된 인자를 찾아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1990년 9월부터 2003년 12월까지 본원에 내원, 가와사끼 병으로 진단받고 IVIG을 투여한 1,000명을 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 내원시 관상동맥 확장군과 관상동맥 정상군을 비교하였고 IVIG 1회 투여에 대한 반응군과 비반응군 및 재발군과 비재발군의 비교도 시행하여 두 군간에 의미있는 요인을 찾아보려고 하였으며 재발된 환아를 대상으로 처음 발병시와 두번째 발병시의 각종 자료를 분석하였고 두 군간에 관상동맥 이상이 생기는 정도도 비교해 보았다. 또한 첫 IVIG을 투여하기 전까지의 발열기간과 상관비례하는 인자를 알아보려 하였다. 결 과 : 1) 관상동맥 확장은 16%에서 관찰되었으며 중등도 이상(${\geq}5mm$)의 관상동맥 확장 및 중증(${\geq}8mm$) 관상동맥 확장의 빈도는 각각 2%와 0.5%로 나타났다. 또한 입원당시 관상동맥 이상의 빈도는 1년간 추적관찰 했을 때와도 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 2) 첫 IVIG을 투여하기 전까지의 발열기간이 길수록(7일 이상), 첫 IVIG 투여 종료 후부터 최종적으로 열이 소실될 때까지의 기간이 길수록, 남아일수록, 내원 당시 검사상 Hgb(10 g/dL이하), Hct(30% 이하)수치가 낮을수록, WBC 수치($12,000/mm^3$ 이상)및 과립구 분율이 높을수록, CRP 값이 높을수록(10 mg/dL 이상), Harada's score가 높을수록(4점 이상) 관상동맥 이상군과 관련이 있었다. 3) IVIG 한번 투여에 반응이 없었던 경우는 8%였으며 내원당시 검사수치상 WBC 수치가 높을수록($12,000/mm^3$ 이상), 과립구 분율이 높을수록, CRP 수치가 높을수록(10 mg/dL 이상), SGPT가 높을수록, Harada's score가 높을수록(4점 이상), 농뇨를 보일수록 1회의 IVIG 투여에 반응이 없었다. IVIG을 두 번이상 투여한 군에서는 한번 투여에 반응이 있었던 군보다 향후 재발율이 더 높았다. 또한 중증도 이상의 관상동맥 확장의 경우는 두 번 이상 투여하게 된 군에서 의미있게 높았다. 4) 재발은 6%에서 나타났고 재발을 예측할 수 있는 지표는 없었으며 재발한 환아들에서 관상동맥 이상의 빈도 또한 별 차이가 없었다. 5) 재발된 환아들의 처음 발병시와 두 번째 발병시의 비교에서, 두 번째 발병시에 WBC 수치와 CRP 값은 첫 번째 발병시 보다 낮았고 첫 IVIG 투여 전까지의 발열기간도 낮았으나 두 군간에 관상동맥 이상이 생기는 정도에는 차이가 없었다. 6) 첫 IVIG을 투여하기 전까지의 발열기간과의 상관 인자 조사에서는, WBC 수치와 CRP 값, Harada's score의 경우 양의 상관관계를 보였고 Hgb의 경우 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 내원 당시 높은 WBC 수치와 CRP 값 및 Harada'score는 관상동맥 병변 발생 및 IVIG 투여에 대한 비반응과 관련이 있으며 또한 첫 IVIG을 투여하기 전까지의 발열기간과도 상관관계가 있었다. 따라서 되도록이면 조기에 발견하여 IVIG을 투여하는 것이 비록 비반응률을 낮추지는 못하더라도 관상동맥 병변 발생의 위험률은 낮출 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한 IVIG 비반응군에서는 차후 재발률이 더 높았으며 중등도 이상의 관상동맥 확장이 더 많이 발견되었으므로 이들을 대상으로 한 집중적인 치료와 관리가 도입될 필요가 있다. 재발을 예측할 수 있는 기타 지표는 찾아볼 수 없었으며 따라서 보호자의 교육을 통한 조기 발견 및 치료에 지속적으로 노력을 기울여야 할 것이고 재발한 환아들에서 관상동맥 이상의 빈도가 증가하지 않은 점은 현재 이루어지고 있는 이러한 노력의 성과로 여겨진다.

Keywords

References

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