Hybrid Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Combined with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Indications and Early Results

심폐바이패스 없이 시행하는 관상동맥우회술과 경피적 관상동맥중재술의 병합요법 : 적응증 및 조기성적

  • Hwang Ho Young (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Jin Hyun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Cho Kwang Ree (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Ki-Bong (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
  • 황호영 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김진현 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 조광리 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김기봉 (서울대학교병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 2005.11.01

Abstract

Background: The possibility of incomplete revascularization and development of flow competition after revascularization of the borderline lesion made the hybrid strategy as an option for complete revascularization. Material and Method: From January f998 to July 2004, 25 $(3.2\%)$ patients underwent hybrid revascularization among 782 total OPCAB procedures. Clinical results and angiographic patencies were evalulated. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was peformed before CABG in 8 patients and after CABG in 47 patients. Result: The causes of PCIs before CABG were to achieve complete revascularization with minimally invasive surgery (n=7) and emergent PCI for culprit lesion (n=1). The indications of PCIs after CABG were high possibility of flow competition in the borderline lesion of right coronary artery territory (n=8), diffuse atheromatous lesion preventing anastomosis of graft (n=5), severe calcified ascending aorta with no more arterial grafi available (n=3), and intramyocardial coronary lesion (n=1). Mean number of distal anastomoses was $2.3\pm1.0$. Mean number of lesions treated by PCI was $1.2\pm0.4$. There was no operative or procedure-related mortality. PCI-related complication was periprocedural myocardial infarction in one patient, and complications related to CABG were transient atrial fibrillation (n=5), perioperative myocardial infarction (n=1), and transient renal dysfunction (n=1). Early postoperative coronary angiography $(1.8{pm}1.6days)$ revealed $100\%$ patency rate of grafts (57/57). The stenosis occurred in one patient performed PCI before CABG, which was successfully treated with re-ballooning. During midterm follow-up (mean; $25{\pm}26$ months), 1 patient died of congestive heart failure. All survivors (n=24) accomplished follow-up coronary angiographics, which showed .all grafts (56/57) were patent except one string sign. In-stent restenosis was developed in 2 patients who received bare metal stents. Conclusion: In selected patients, complete revascularization was achieved with low risk by taking the hybrid strategy.

배경: 경피적 관상동맥중재술과 최소침습성 관상동맥우회술을 병합하여 시행하는 하이브리드 관상동맥우회술(hybrid coronary artery bypass surgery; hybrid CABG)는 고위험군 환자에서 심근의 불완전한 재관류가 예상되는 경우에 수술관련 유병률을 낮추고 완전 재관류화를 이루기 위하여 적용할 수 있다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 1월부터 2004년 7월 사이에 심폐바이패스를 사용하지 않고 관상동맥우회술을 시행한 782명의 환자 중에서 수술 전, 후에 경피적 관상동맥중재술을 같이 시행한 25명$(3.2\%)$의 환자들(M : F=17:8)을 대상으로 임상적 결과 및 심혈관 조영술을 통한 개존율을 비교하였다. 결과: 수술 전에 중재술을 시행한 8예 중 7예는 최소절개 관상동맥우회술을 시행하기에 부적합한 병변에 대해서 경피적 관상동맥중재술을 시행하였고, 다른 1예는 급성심근경색증에서 culprit병변에 대한 응급 중재술후 관상동맥우회술이 필요했던 경우였다. 수술 후 중재술을 시행한 17예는 관상동맥의 중등도 병변($70\~90\%$ 협착)으로 수술 후 이식도관과의 경쟁혈류가 예상되었던 경우 8예, 관상동맥병변이 혈관 전체에 광범위하여 혈관문합이 불가능했던 경우 5예, 상행대동맥 석회화를 동반하면서 이용 가능한 동맥 우회도관의 부족 3예, 그리고 심근내 관상동맥의 주행 1예 등에서 관상동맥우회술 후에 대상혈관에 대한 경피적 중재술을 시행하였다. 관상동맥우회술시 평균 원위부 문합수는 평균 $2.3\pm1.0$ 개소였으며, 중재술로 치료된 병변의 수는 평균 $1.2\pm0.4$개소였다. 중재술 및 수술관련사망은 없었다. 중재술관련 합병증으로 심근경색이 발생한 경우 1예가 있었으며 수술관련 합병증으로는 일시적인 심방세동 5예, 수술전후 심근경색 1예, 일시적 신기능저하 1예가 있었다. 전례에서 수술 후 평균 $1.8\pm1.6$일째에 관상동맥조영술을 시행하여 모든 도관의 개존율$(100\%=57/57)$을 확인하였다 수술 전 중재 술을 시행한 1개소에서는 중재술 부위의 재협착소견이 보여 수술 후 조영술시 재풍선확장술로 치료하였다. 수술 후 추적관찰(평균 $25\pm26$개월)동안 1예에서 심부전으로 사망하였다. 생존한 환자 24예에서 술 후 평균 $9.6\pm3$개월째에 관상동맥조영술을 시행하였고 이식도관이 string 징후를 보인 1예를 제외하고 모두 개존(56/57)되어 있었으며, 약물용출형 스탠트를 시행하기 이전의 12예의 중재술 중 2예에서 $50\%$ 이상의 스텐트 협착이 있었으나 흉통의 재발은 없었다. 결론: 하이브리드 관상동맥 우회 술은 수술위험도를 낮추기 위하여 최소절개 관상동맥우회술과 병합하여 시도될 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 선택적 환자들에서는 정중 흉골절개 관상동맥우회술과 병합하여 수술관련 유병률을 낮추고 심근의 완전 재관류화를 도모할 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

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