Abstract
A series of studies involving formulation processes, bubbling activity test, diffusibility test and biological efficacy test was undertaken to develop Jumbo herbicide formulations in paddy rice field. Gas evolution speed from the tablets prepared by different organic acids was in the order of oxalic acid, malonic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid. The total volume of evolved gas from the tablet and diffusibility of the active ingredient in the submerged water were increased with increase of water temperature; the volume from 1 g of tablet at 10, 15, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes after immersion into water was 20, 25, 28, 45, 57 mL, respectively. The concentration of halosulfuron-methyl and pyriminobac-methyl in submerged water at 5, 15, 20 and $30^{\circ}C$ at the 2.4 m distance from the applied spot of the tablet was 20, 48, 85, and 97% of the concentration of treated spot, respectively. The evolved gas volume from the tablets was not affected by pH of submerged water. The concentration of halosulfuron-methyl in different sizes of submerged water within 24 hours after treatment of the tablet was maintained 0.16 ppm, which is ideal concentration at standard dosage regardless of the submerged water area. The concentration of pyriminobac-methyl was also uniformly dispersed in the water within 24 hours after applying it into the submerged water. The wind velocity of 5 m $sec^{-1}$ on concentration distribution of halosulfuron-methyl and pyriminobac-methyl in the submerged water 24 hours after treatment was not influenced; an equal concentration in the up the wind and down the wind from the applied spot was maintained. Spot treatments of one tablet formulations(5 g) including 4 times higher dosage at 4 different spots resulted in even concentration distribution of active ingredient in the water 24 hours after applying it into the submerged water.
논 잡초를 생력적으로 방제하기 위하여 발포성 정제를 제조하여 최적 유효농도 결정 제제실험, 발포성 실험, 확산성 실험을 수행하였다. 정제의 발포속도는 유기산의 종류에 따라 oxalic acid>malonic acid>citric acid>tartaric acid 순으로 나타났다. 발포성 정제 g 당 5분 이내에 발생하는 가스의 량은 수온에 따라 상이하여 $10^{\circ}C$에서 20 mL, $15^{\circ}C$에서 25 mL, $20^{\circ}C$에서 28 mL, $25^{\circ}C$에서 45 mL, $30^{\circ}C$에서 57 mL 이었다. 발포성정제의 수온에 따른 농약 주성분의 수중 확산성은 5, 15, 20, $30^{\circ}C$에서 처리 24시간 후 처리지점으로부터 2.4 m 떨어진 지점의 농도가 투하지점 농도의 20, 48, 85, 97%로 나타나 발포력이나 확산성 모두 온도가 높을수록 증가하였다. 담수 중 산도에 따른 발포력은 $pH5{\sim}11$의 범위에서 가스발생량에는 차이가 없었다. Halosulfuron-methyl의 담수 중 농도는 실험면적의 크기와 관계없이 살포 후 24시간이 되면 표준농도 수준인 0.16 ppm 을 유지하였다. Pyriminobac-methyl도 같은 경향을 보여 면적의 크기는 확산성실험에 큰 영향이 없었다. 발포성 정제 살포 24시간 후 처리지점으로부터 바람의 방향 또는 바람의 반대방향으로 2.4 m 떨어진 지점에서의 제초제 주성분 농도는 차이가 없었다. 표준 약량의 4배량으로 5 g 짜리 4개의 정제를 4개지점에 동시에 처리한 경우 처리 24시각 후 halosulfuron-methyl 및 pyriminobac-methyl은 균일한 확산성을 나타냈다.
