Mycobiology

The Korean Society of Mycology (한국균학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Occurrence of Fungal Species and Mycotoxins from Decayed Sugarcane (Saccharrum officinarum) in Egypt

  • Published : 2005.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Seventy-three fungal species belonging to forty-three genera were isolated from 40 samples of Saccharrum officinarum (collected from Naage-Hamadi canal in Qena Governorate, Egypt). Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Mucor and Pythium were the most common genera on the two isolation media. The dominant species of Aspergillus were A. niger, A. flavus, A. ustus, A. terreus and A. wentii. Some species were dominant on 40 g/l sucrose such as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Emericella nidulans, Trichoderma viride, Torula herbarum and Mamaria echinoeotryoides, while the dominant species on 10 g/l glucose were Mucor circinelloides, Aspergillus niger, Torula herbarum and Trichoderma viride. Mycotoxins including aflatoxins $B_1,\;B_2,\;G_1\;and\;G_2$, zearalenone and diacetoxyscirpenol were detected in the examined samples of Saccharrum officinarum. The mycelial growth of A. flavus, A. niger, Fusarium moniliforme and Torula herbarum decreased with the increase in Dimethoate concentrations, although 25 ppm was less effective than the higher levels of the insecticide ($75{\sim}200\;ppm$). Dimethoate stimulated the activity of Go-Tin A. niger, F. moniliforme and T. harbarum, while the Go-T activity was inhibited in A. flavus with the Dimethoate treatments.

Keywords

References

  1. Abd-Elaah, G A. 1993. Effect of some pesticides on aquatic fungi in river Nile. Ph.D. Thesis, Assiut University, Egypt
  2. Abdel-Hafez, S. I. I., EI-Said, A. H. and Gherbawy, Y. A. M. H. 1995. Mycoflora of leaf surface, stem, bagasse and juice of adult sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) plant and cellulolytic ability in Egypt. Bull. Fac.Sci. Assiut Univ. 24: 113-130
  3. Abdel-raheem, A. M. 1999. Freshwater ascomycetes in the river Nile (Egypt). The 7th international marine and freshwater mycology symposium. City U, Hong Kong, 4-9 July 1999
  4. Abdel-sater, M. A. and Ismail, M. A. 1993. Ecological and enzymatic studies on fungi associated with Biscuits in Egypt. Int. Biodet. Biodeg. 31: 277-292 https://doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(93)90023-U
  5. Abdel-sater, M. A. Sabah M. Saber 1999. Mycoflora and mycotoxins in some Egyptian dried fruit. Bull. Fac. Sci. Assiut Univ. 28: 91-107
  6. Anonymous, A. 1989. Dimethoate. In Environmental Health Criteria, Vol. 90, pp. 1-85. WHO, Geneva
  7. Aran, N. and Eke, D. 1987. Mould mycoflora of some Turkish cereals and cereals products. Micron. J 3: 281-287
  8. Audus, L. J. 1960. Microbiological breakdown of herbicides in soil. Pp 1-17. In: E. K. Woodford and G R. Sagar, Eds. Herbicides and soil. Blackwell Sci. Publications Ltd., Oxford
  9. Basch, U. and Mircua, C. J. 1992. Toxin production by Fusarium species by Iram sugar beets and natural occurrence beets and beet fibers. Microbiol. 3233-3239
  10. Booth, C. 1971. The genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England
  11. Brinker, A. M. and Seigler, D. S. 1991. Isolation and identification of piceatannol as a phytoalexin from sugarcane. Phytochem. 30: 3229-3232 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83181-J
  12. Bullerman, L. B. 1979. Significance of mycotoxins to food safety and human health. J Food Prot. 42: 65 https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-42.1.65
  13. Charles, P. Grost-Allman and Steyn, P. S. 1979. Structural elucidation of nigerones, four new naphthopyrones from cultures of Aspergillus niger. J Chem. Soc. Perkin. 1: 2474-2479
  14. Debeaupuis, J. P. and La-Font, P. 1985. Fumitoxins, new mycotoxins from Aspergillus fumigatus. Fren. Appl. and Environ. Microbiol. 35: 8-10
  15. Domsch, K. H. and Gams, W. 1972. Fungi in agricultural soils. Longman, London
  16. EI-Hissy, F. T. 1979. Seasonal fluctuations of fresh-water fungi in river Nile. The First Scientific Conf. of Egyptian Graduate Abroad, London
  17. EI-Hissy, F. T. and Abdel Kader, M. I. A. 1980. Effect of five pesticide on the mycelial growth of some soil and pathogenic fungi. Zeit. Fur Allgem. Mikrobiol. 20: 257-263 https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.3630200404
  18. EI-Hissy, F. T. Moubasher, A. H. and El-Nagdy, M. A. 1982. Seasonal fluctuation of freshwater fungi in river Nile (Egypt). Z. fur Allgeime Mikrobiologie 22: 521-527 https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.3630220803
  19. El-Kady I. A. and El-Maraghy, S. S. 1982. Screening of zearalenone producing Fusarium species in Egypt and chemically defined medium for production of the toxin. Mycopathologia 78: 25-29 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00436578
  20. El-Maghraby O. M. O. and EI-Maraghy, S. S. 1988. Mycoflora and mycotoxins of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds in Egypt. III-cellulose-decomposing and mycotoxin producing fungi. Mycopathologia 104: 19-24 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00437919
  21. El-Maghraby O. M. O. EI-Kady I A. and Somya Soliman 1995. Mycoflora and Fusarium toxins of three types of com grains in Egypt with special reference to production of trichothecens-toxins. Microbial. Res. 150: 225-232 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-5013(11)80001-7
  22. EI-Maraghy, S. S. 1984. Natural occurrence of zearalenone and zearalenone-producing fungi isolated from wheat grains, flour and bread in Egypt. Ph.D. Thesis, Botany. Dept., Fac. Sci. Assiut Univ., Egypt
  23. El-Nagdy, M. A. 1986. 'Studies on freshwater fungi in Upper Egypt', PhD. Thesis. Bot. Dept. Fac. Of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
  24. EI-Sharouny, H. M., Abdel-Aziz, F. A. and Gareth Jones, E. B. 1999. Biodiversity and distribution of fungi on submerged wood in Nile water, Upper Egypt. The 7th international marine and freshwater mycology symposium. CityU, Hong Kong, 4-9 July 1999
  25. El-Zawahri, M., Moubasher, A. H., Morad, M. and El-Kady, I. A. 1977. Mutagenic effects of aflatoxin B. Ann. Nutr., Aliment. 13: 859-866
  26. Gilman, J. C. 1957. A manual of soil fungi. Iowa Stat Univ. Press, Ames. Iowa. U.S.A
  27. Gimeno, A. 1976. Thin layer chromatographic determination of aflatoxin, ochratoxins, sterigmatocystin, zearalenone, citrinin, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, penicillic acid, patulin and penitrem A. J Ascoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 62: 579-585
  28. Harwig, J. and Munro, I. C. 1975. Mycotoxins of possible importance in diseases of Canadian farm animals. Can. Vet. J 16: 125
  29. Higgy, A. H., Abdel-Razik, A. A. and Rushdi, H. M. 1977. Occurrence of pokkah boeng disease of sugarcane in ARE. 155CT.XVI-Congress Brazil, Plant Pathology Sec. 1,473-481
  30. Ismail, M. A. 1993. Degradative enzymes and fungal flora associated with the Egyptian foodstuff Int. Biodet. Biodeg. 31: 143-157 https://doi.org/10.1016/0964-8305(93)90070-I
  31. Jukes, T. H. 1978. Corn and peanuts. Nature 271: 499
  32. Leitao, J., LeBars, J. and Bailly, J. R. 1989. Production of aflatoxin $B_{1}$ by Aspergillus ruber Thorn and Church. Mycopathologia 108: 135-138 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00436064
  33. Lund, A. 1978. Occurrence of Saproleginiaceae in Danish soils. Nova Hedwigia 39: 377-395
  34. Megalla, S. E., Abdou, R. F. and Bagy, M. M. K. 1985. Fungal flora of Egyptian baladi bread with special reference to the mutagenic effect of their toxic metabolites. Mycopathologia 89: 35-41 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00437130
  35. Mohawed, S. M., Abdel Hafez, S. I. I., EL-Said, A. H. M. and Gherbawy, Y. A. M. H. 2001. Seasonal fluctuations of soil and root surface fungi of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Upper Egypt. Egyptian J Microbiol. 34: 595-611
  36. Muhsin, T. and Abdul-Kader, M. 1995. Ecology of fungi associated with Phragmites australis in Iraq. Abhath Al-Yarmauk 4: 31-50
  37. Northolt, M. D., Frisvad, J. C. and Samson, R. A. 1995. Occurrence of food born fungi and factors for growth. Pp 243-250. In: Samson, R. A., Hoekstra, E. S., Frisvad, J. C. and Filtenborg, O. Eds. Introduction to food born fungi. Centraalbureau voor shimmelcultures, Baam, The Netherland
  38. Olufolaji, D. B. 1986. Curvularia leaf spot of sugarcane-A new disease. Sugarcane 2: 1-2
  39. Pratt, B. H. and Heather, W. A. 1973. Recovery of potentially pathogenic Phytophthora and Pythium species from native vegetation in Australia. Australian J Biol. Sci. 26: 575-582 https://doi.org/10.1071/BI9730575
  40. Raper, K. B. and Fennell, D. I. 1965. The genus Aspergillus. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, U.S.A
  41. Raper, K. B. and Thom, C. 1949. A manual of Penicillia. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, U.S.A
  42. Reitman, S. and Frankel, S. 1957. Amer. J Clin. Pathol. 28: 56-63 (Cited from Biochemical Manual of Quimica Clinica Aplicada S.A., E43870 Amposta, Spain, 2000, Tansaminasas GOT/ AST Y GPT/ALT, Metodo Reitman-Frankel Colorimetrico, Ref. 99 94 81) https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56
  43. Sandhu, D. K. and Sidhu, M. S. 1980. Fungal succession on decomposing sugarcane bagasse. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 75: 281-286 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(80)80090-8
  44. Sandhu, D. K. Singh, S. and Waraich, M. K. 1980. Thermophilous fungi of decomposing sugarcane bagasse. Can. J Bot. 58: 2015-2016 https://doi.org/10.1139/b80-232
  45. Sivanesan, A. and Waller, J. 1986. Sugarcane diseases. Phytopatholgical paper No.29: 88
  46. Smith, J. E. and Moss, M.O. 1985. Mycotoxin formation, analysis and significance. John and Sons. Chichester, New York, U.S.A
  47. Smith, N. R. and Dawson, V. I. 1944. The bacteriostatic action of rosebengal in medium used for the plate count of soil fungi. Soil Sci. 58: 467-471 https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-194412000-00006
  48. Steciow, M. M. 1998. Seasonal fluctuation of the oomycetes in a polluted environment: Santigo River and affluents (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia 15: 40-43
  49. Stinson, E. E. 1985. Mycotoxins - their biosynthesis in Alternaria. J Food Prot. 48: 80-91 https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-48.1.80
  50. Vesonder, R. F. 1986. Moniliformin produced by cultures of Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans isolated from swine feed. Mycopathologia 95: 149-163 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00437119

Cited by

  1. Association between aflatoxin B1 occupational airway exposure and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study vol.35, pp.10, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2231-3
  2. Natural aflatoxin uptake by sugarcane (Saccharum officinaurum L.) and its persistence in jaggery vol.22, pp.8, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3851-2