Differential Code-Filtering Correlation Method for Adaptive Beamforming

  • Published : 2005.09.01

Abstract

An adaptive beamforming system based on code filtering and differential correlation approaches is proposed. The differential correlation method was originally proposed for time delay estimation of direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems under near-far ratio conditions and the code filtering correlation algorithm, on the other hand, was proposed for array response estimation in DS-CDMA systems under perfect power control. In this paper, by combining differential correlation concept with the code filtering beamforming technology, an accurate estimate of the beam forming weights and an enhanced performance of DS-CDMA systems under sever near-far ratio conditions is achieved. The system performance in terms of beam pattern and bit-error-rate (HER) shows that the proposed adaptive beamformer outperforms the conventional code filtering correlation technique.

Keywords

References

  1. B. Widrow and S. D. Stearns, Adaptive Signal Processing, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, 1985
  2. J. S. Thompson, P. M. Grant, and B. Mulgrew, 'Smart antenna arrays for CDMA systems,' IEEE Pers. Commun., pp. 16-25, Oct. 1996
  3. J. H. Winters, 'Smart antennas for wireless systems,' IEEE Pers. Commun., pp. 23-27, Feb. 1998
  4. R. Kohno, 'Spatial and temporal communication theory using adaptive antenna array,' IEEE Pers. Commun., pp. 28-35, Feb. 1998 https://doi.org/10.1109/98.656157
  5. V. Ghazi-Moghadam and M. Kaveh, 'A CDMA interference canceling receiver with an adaptive blind array,' IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun., vol. 16, no. 8, Oct. 1998
  6. H. Liu and G. Xu, 'Smart antennas in wireless systems: Uplink multiuser blind channel and sequence detection,' IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 45, no. 2, Feb. 1997
  7. X. Wang and H. V. Poor, 'Robust adaptive array for wireless communications,' IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun., vol. 16, no. 8, Oct. 1998
  8. J. C. Liberti Jr. and T. S. Rappaport, Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications: IS-95 and Third Generation CDMA Applications, NJ, Prentice Hall, 1999
  9. F. Naguib, A. Paulraj, and T. Kailath, 'Capacity improvement with basestation antenna arrays in cellular CDMA,' IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 43, pp. 691-698, Mar. 1994 https://doi.org/10.1109/25.312780
  10. F. Naguib and A. Paulraj, 'Performance of wireless CDMA with M-ary orthogonal modulation and cell site antenna array,' IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 14, pp. 1770-1783, Sept. 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/49.545700
  11. S. E. Bensley and B. Aazhang, 'Subspace-based channels estimation for code division multiple access communications systems,' IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 44, pp. 1009-1020, Aug. 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/26.535441
  12. T. Ristaniemi and J. Joutsensalo, 'Code timing acquisition for DS-CDMA in fading channels by differential correlations,' IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 49, pp. 899-910, May 2001 https://doi.org/10.1109/26.923813
  13. C. D. Chung, 'Differentially coherent detection technique for direct-sequence code acquisition in a Rayleigh fading channel,' IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 43, pp. 1116-1126, Feb. Mar. Apr. 1995 https://doi.org/10.1109/26.380143
  14. M. H. Zarrabizadeh and E. S. Sousa, 'A differentially coherent PN code acquisition receiver for CDMA systems,' IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 45, pp. 1456-1465, Nov. 1997 https://doi.org/10.1109/26.649772
  15. E. G. Strom, S. Parkvall, S. L. Miller, and B. E. Ottersten, 'Propagation delay estimation in asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple access systems,' IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 44, pp. 84-93, Jan. 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/26.476100
  16. M. Hefnawi and Q. M. Rahman, 'Differential correlation delay estimation for DS-CDMA systems,' in Proc. Int. Symp. Antenna Technol. Applied Electromagnetics Conf. URSI, July 2004, pp. 633-636
  17. J. H. Winters, 'Optimum combining in digital mobile radio with cochannel interference,' IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun., vol. 2, pp. 528-539, July 1984 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.1984.1146095
  18. B. D. VanVeen, 'Adaptive convergence of linearly constrained beamformers based on the sample covariance matrix,' IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 39, pp. 1470-1473, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1109/78.136563
  19. L. J. Horowitz, H. Blatt, W. G. Brodsky, and K. D. Senne, 'Controlling adaptive antenna arrays with the sample matrix inversion algorithm,' IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. AES-15, pp. 840-847, 1979 https://doi.org/10.1109/TAES.1979.308769
  20. S. Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory. NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002