Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics

  • 제30권1호
  • /
  • Pages.1-6
  • /
  • 2005
  • /
  • 2234-7658(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-7666(eISSN)
대한치과보존학회 (The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Enterococcus faecalis 추출물이 임파구의 IL-2, IL-4, TGF-β1 분비에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Effects of Enterococcus faecalis sonicated extracts on IL-2, IL-4 and TGF-β1 production from human lymphocytes

  • 김현식 (서울대학교 치과대학 치과보존학교실) ;
  • 이우철 (서울대학교 치과대학 치과보존학교실) ;
  • ;
  • 손원준 (서울대학교 치과대학 치과보존학교실) ;
  • 이상탁 (서울대학교 치과대학 치과보존학교실) ;
  • 김철호 (서울대학교 치과대학 치과보존학교실) ;
  • 임성삼 (서울대학교 치과대학 치과보존학교실)
  • Kim, Hyeon-Sik (Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Woo-Cheol (Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jang, Seok-Woo (Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Shon, Wan-Jun (Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Takg (Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Cheol-Ho (Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lim, Sung-Sam (Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University)
  • 발행 : 2005.01.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

근관치료의 실패원인 중 중요한 세균으로 알려진 Enterococcus faecalis는 최근에 중요성이 더해지며 많은 연구들이 진행중이다. 여러가지 기전들이 보고되고 있으나 면역반응에 관한 연구는 거의 알려져 있지 않은 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 Enterococcus faecalis의 초음파 분쇄 추출물을 성인의 말초혈액으로부터 얻은 임파구에 적용시켜서 여기서 분비되는 interleukin-2, interleukin-4, transforming growth $factor-\beta1$의 농도를 Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)로 측정하여 비교, 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. E. faecalis를 적절한 조건에서 배양한 뒤 초음파 분쇄를 하여 추출물을 얻어냈다. 임파구는 건강한 성인의 말초혈액에서 추출하여 분리하였다. 임파구를 적절한 농도의 mitogen (Phytohemagglutinin: PHA)으로 자극시킨 뒤에 다양한 농도의 E. faecalis 초음파 추출물을 적용시키고 72시간 동안 배양하였다 ELISA를 이용하여 IL-2, IL-4, $TGF-\beta1$의 농도를 측정하였다. 실험결과는 Kruskal-Wallis test, Man-Whitney rank sum test (p < 0.05)를 사용하여 통계처리 하였다. 실험결과 PHA로 처리한 군은 아무것도 처리하지 않은 군에 비해서 IL-2, IL-4의 수치가 유의성 있게 높았다 (p < 0.05). PHA로 처리한 군중에서 고농도와 중농도의 sonic extract of E. faecalis (SEF)로 처리한 군은 그렇지 않은 군에 비해서 IL-2 IL-4의 농도가 유의성 있게 낮았다 (p < 0.05). PHA로 처리한 군중에서 저농도의 SEF로 처리한 군은 그렇지 않은 군과 비교하여 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다. $TGF-\beta1$의 농도는 모든 군에서 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 따라서, E. faecalis의 추출물은 임파구의 IL-2, IL-4의 분비능력을 저하시킨다고 할 수 있다.

In order to examine the immunoresponse of host cells to Enterococcus faecalis, this in vitro study monitored the production of Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Transforming growth factor-$\beta1\;(TGF-\beta1)$ in human lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were activated with PHA in the presence or abscence of sonicated extracts of E. Faecalis (SEF) and further incubated for 72 hours. The level of each cytokine was measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test (P < 0.05). PHA-activated group did exhibit higher level of IL-2 and IL-4 than untreated control group. The levels of expression of both cytokines were significantly decreased following the treatment of high (25 ${\mu}g/ml$) and medium concentration (12.5 ${\mu}g/ml$)) of SEF (P > 0.05) than those of PHA activated group. But low concentration (5 ${\mu}g/ml$)) of SEF showed th similar level of IL-2 and IL-4 production as those of PHA activated group. $TGF-\beta1$ was unaffected by SEF treatment. These results suggested that E. faecalis may suppress IL-2 and IL-4 production by lymphocytes and this could be one of possible factors why E. faecalis are found frequently in the teeth with failed endodontic treatment.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Kakehashi S et al. The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rat. Oral Surg 20:340-344, 1965 https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(65)90166-0
  2. Sundqvist G et al. Microbiologic analysis of the teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endo 85:86-93, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(98)90404-8
  3. Dahlen G et al. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococci isolated from the root canal. Oral Microbiol Immunol 15:309-312, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-302x.2000.150507.x
  4. Orstavik D and Haapasalo M. Disinfection by endodontic irrigants and dressings of experimentally infected dentinal tubules. Endo Dent Traumatol 6:142-149, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1990.tb00409.x
  5. Love RM. Enterococcus faecalis - a mechanism for its role in endodontic failure. Int Endo J 34:399-405, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00437.x
  6. Evans et al. Mechanisms involved in the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to calcium hydroxide. Int Endo J 35:221-228, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2002.00504.x
  7. Yoshida H et al. Effect of sonicated material from Fusobacterium nucleatum on the functional capacity of accessory cells derived from dental pulp. Oral Microbiol Immunol 10:208-212, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.1995.tb00144.x
  8. Kurita-Ochiai T et al. Immunosuppressive effect induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: effect on immunoglobulin production and lymphokine synthesis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 7:338-343, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.1992.tb00633.x
  9. Trowbridge H. Inflammation: A review of the process, 5th edition, Quintessence Publishing Co. p79-90, 1997
  10. Hahn CL et al. A study of T and B cells in pulpal pathosis. J Endodon 15:20-6, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(89)80093-7
  11. Rauschenberger CR et al. Detection of human IL-2 in normal and inflamed dental pulps. J Endodon 23:366-70, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(97)80184-7
  12. Kawashima N and Stashenko P. Expression of boneresorptive and regulatory cytokines in murine periapical inflammation. Arch Oral Biol 44:55-66, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9969(98)00094-6
  13. Walker KF et al. Cytokine expression in periapical granulation tissue as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Eur J Oral Sci 108:195-201, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0722.2000.108003195.x
  14. Kim SA and Lim SS. T lymphocyte subpopulations and interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-4 in rat pulpitis experimentally induced by specific bacteria. J Endodon 28:202-5, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200203000-00014
  15. Wahl SM. Transforming growth factor beta in inflammation : a cause and a cure, J Clin Immunol 12:1-14, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00918266
  16. Wahl SM. Transforming growth factor ${\beta}$; the good, the bad, and the ugly. J Exp Med 180:1587-1590, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.180.5.1587
  17. Shenker BJ et al. Suppression of human lymphocyte responses by oral spirochetes: a monocyte-dependent phenomenon. J immunol 132:2039-2045, 1984
  18. Reiner. Parasite accessory cell interactions in murine heishmaniasis. I. Evasion and stimulus-dependent suppression of the macrophage interleukin-1 response by Leishmania donovani. J Immunol 138:1919-1925, 1987
  19. Shenker BJ and Slots J. Immunomodulatory effects of Bacteroides products on in vitro human lymphocyte functions. Oral Microbiol Immunol 4:24-29, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-302X.1989.tb00402.x
  20. Ko HJ and Lim SS. Production of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils stimulated with Porphyromonas endodontalis lipopolysaccharide. J Endod 28:754-7, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004770-200211000-00002
  21. Shenker BJ et al. Immunosuppressive effects of Prevotella intermedia on In vitro Human lymphocyte activation, Infect Immun 59:4583-4589, 1991

피인용 문헌

  1. SEM study vol.39, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2014.39.4.258
  2. Educational needs of an integrated health and oral health project for community dental hygienists vol.39, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.2.127