Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes as a Test Animal for Marine Ecotoxicological Evaluation

해양생태독성평가를 위한 표준시험생물로서의 송사리(Oryzias latipes)에 관한 연구

  • Park Gyung Soo (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Yoon Seong Jin (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Lee Seung Min (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Kim Ae Hyang (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Park Soung Yun (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute) ;
  • Kang Duk Young (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute)
  • 박경수 (국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소) ;
  • 윤성진 (국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소) ;
  • 이승민 (국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소) ;
  • 김애향 (국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소) ;
  • 박승윤 (국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소) ;
  • 강덕영 (국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소)
  • Published : 2005.09.01
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Abstract

Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes is widely distributed in the North East Asia including Korea, Japan and east China, and commonly used for freshwater toxicity tests and cytotoxicological studies worldwide. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to identify the potential of the fish as a standard test species for saltwater toxicity evaluation such as marine receiving waters, ocean-dumped materials and sediment pore waters etc. Hatching, growth and mortality rates of the fish were estimated with the wide ranges of salinity from freshwater to seawater (35 psu). Direct exposure of the fertilized eggs in freshwater to the wide ranges of salinity (from 0 to 35 psu) without pre- acclimation to the saltwater revealed no significant differences in hatching rates by salinities (p =0.24). On the other hand, medaka larvae hatched in freshwater and exposed to saltwater directly showed high mortality at > 25 psu treatment groups (p < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in mortality of medaka larvae hatched in 13.8 and 14.2 psu at the wide ranges of salinities ($0\~35$ psu). Growth rates of medaka larvae hatched in the above two salinities showed no differences in body length either from 0 to 35 psu treatment groups (p =0.64 for 13.8 psu group and p=0.32 for 14.2 psu group). The number of gill chloride cell in medaka larvae sharply increased when the larvae were exposed to high salinity. Reference tests with zinc chloride revealed 96h $LC_{50}=8.84(7.19\~10.87)mg\;L^{-1}$ using 7~10 day old medaka larvae. These were comparable or better sensitivity in comparison with the other standard test species such as North American sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus. Based on the results of these experiments, hatching rates and larvalmortality of medaka must be good toxicity parameters for seawater bioassay and the species seems to be a good standard species for both the freshwater and seawater toxicity test.

송사리(Oryzias latipes)는 한국, 일본 및 중국 등을 포함하는 동북아시아에 분포하는 어종으로. 주로 담수계 독성 실험용 표준시험생물로 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 담수에 주로 분포하는 송사리가 marine receiving water, 공극수 또는 해양투기물질과 같은 해수의 생태독성평가를 위한 표준시험생물로서 가능성을 구명하기 위하여 염분 내성 및 표준독성물질을 이용한 민감도 실험을 수행하였다. 송사리의 염분 내성을 구명하기 위하여 다양한 염분에서 사망률, 성장률 및 부화율 실험을 실시하였다. 담수에서 산란 및 수정이 이루어진 개체를 이용하여 $0\~35$psu 구간에서 부화율 실험을 실시한 결과, 전 염분구간에서 대조구(Opsu)와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.24). 반면 담수에서 부화된 자어는 염분이 25psu를 초과할 경우 사망률이 급증하였으나, 담수에서 산란, 수정되어 기수에서(13.8및 14.2psu)부화된 자어는 전염분 구간에서 약 $90\%$ 이상 생존하였다. 또한 기수에서 부화된 자어의 성장률(체장) 역시 염분에 따른 차이가 없었다(p=0.64, p=0.32). 염분 별로 노출된 송사리 자어의 아가미 조직의 염세포 출현율을 검경한 결과,고염분에서 염세포 출현이 급증하여 송사리의 염분 적응력은 매우 높은 것으로 사료된다. Zinc chloride를 이용한 표준물질독성실험 결과 송사리 자어의 96시간 $LC_{50}=8.84\;mg\;L^{-1}$로 북미에서 널리 이용되는 Cyprinodon variegatus(Sheepshead minnow)보다 민감한 반응을 보였으며, 타 표준시험생물과도 유사한 민감도를 보였다 따라서 송사리는 생태독성실험에 주로 이용되는 부화율과 자어 사망률을 이용한 해수 생태독성 실험에 매우 유용한 실험생물이며, 담수, 기수 및 해수의 독성실험에 포괄적으로 이용될 수 있는 생태 독성 평가용 실험생물로 판단된다.

Keywords

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