토지이용변화에 따른 낙동강 유역 산림경관의 구조적 패턴 분석

Patterns of Forest Landscape Structure due to Landcover Change in the Nakdong River Basin

  • 박경훈 (창원대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 정성관 (경북대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 권진오 (국립산림과학원 산림생태과) ;
  • 오정학 (국립산림과학원 산림생태과)
  • Park, Kyung-Hun (Department of Environment Engineering, Changwon National University) ;
  • Jung, Sung-Gwan (Department of Landscape Architecture, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kwon, Jin-O (Division of Forest Ecology, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Oh, Jeong-Hak (Division of Forest Ecology, Korea Forest Research Institute)
  • 발행 : 2005.12.25

초록

The goal of this research is to evaluate landscape-ecological characteristics of watersheds in the Nakdong River Basin by using Geogaphic Information System (GIS) and landscape indices for integation of spatio-temporal informations and multivariate statistical techniques for quantitative analysis of forest landscape. Fragmentation index and change matrix techniques using factor analysis and grid overlay method were used to efficiently analyze and manage huge amount of information for ecological-environmental assessment (land-cover and forest landscape patterns). According to the results based on the pattern analysis of land-cover changes using the change detection matrix between 1980s and 1990s, addition on 750km$^2$ became urbanized areas. The altered 442.04km$^2$ was agricultural areas which is relatively easy for shifting of land-use, and 205.1km$^2$ of forests became urbanized areas, and average elevation and slope of the whole altered areas were 75m and 4$^{\circ}$. On the other hand, 120km$^2$ of urban areas were changed into other areas (i.e., agricultural areas and green space), and fortunately, certain amount of naturalness had been recovered. But still those agricultural areas and fallow areas, which were previously urban areas, had high potential of re-development for urbanization due to their local conditions. According to the structural analysis of forest landscape using the landscape indices, the forest fragmentation of watersheds along the main stream of the Nakdong River was more severe than my other watersheds. Furthermore, the Nakdong-sangju and Nakdong-miryang watersheds had unstable forest structures as well as least amount of forest quantity. Thus, these areas need significant amount of forest through a new forest management policy considering local environmental conditions.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 국토연구원, 2004, 공간분석기법, 한울아카데미
  2. 박경훈, 2002 GIS 및 RS 기법을 활용한 낙동강 유역의 통합환경평가, 경북대학교 박사학위논문
  3. 박인환, 장갑수, 2002, 대도시 주변지역의 토지이용 변화, 대구광역시를 중심으로, 한국조경학회지 30(1) : 1-10
  4. 손학기, 김원주, 박종화, 2000, 도시공원의 경관생태학적 분석-패취의 형태지수와 분산도 분석을 중심으로-, 한국조경학회지 23(4) : 12-19
  5. 심우경, 이진희, 김훈희, 1999, 도농통합시의 녹지환경정비모델에 관한 연구 II-천안의 녹지구조변화를 중심으로-, 한국조경학회지 26(4) : 105-112
  6. 오정학, 2004, 환경친화적 국토자원관리를 위한 경관생태학적 접근, 경북대학교 박사학위논문
  7. 이도원, 2001, 경관생태학-환경계획과 설계, 관리를 위한 공간생리, 서울대학교 출판부
  8. 이응경, 1998, Trend of forest fragmentation in the lower region of the Han river basin, 서울대학교 환경대학원 석사학위논문
  9. 이종성, 1998, Landsat MSS Data를 이용한 서울시 산림패취의 패턴 변화 분석, 한국조경학회지 26(2) : 240-250
  10. 이희연, 1995, 지리통계학-지리자료분석기법-, 법문사
  11. 정성관, 오정학, 박경훈, 2003, 도시경관계획수립을 위한 경관파편화에 관한 연구, 한국지리정보학회지 6(3) : 11-20
  12. 조현길, 김성훈, 2001, 경관생태적 접근을 통한 도시경관의 구조와 변화해석, 한국조경학회지 추계학술발표회 10-12
  13. 한국경관생태연구회, 2001, 경관생태학, 동화기술
  14. 환경부, 2001, 표토보전 및 침식(유실)방지 대책에 관한 연구, 환경부
  15. Cafaldi, R.L., J.D. Allan, J.D. Duh, and D.G. Brown, 2004, Spatial patterns in land cover of exurbanizing watersheds in southeastern Michigan, Landscape and Urban Planning 66(2) : 107-123 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(03)00098-7
  16. Gustafson, E.J., 1998, Quantifying Landscape Spatial Pattern: What Is the State of the Art?, Ecosystems 1(2) : 143-156 https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900011
  17. Hargis, C.D., J.A. Bissonette, and J.L. David, 1998, The behavior of landscape metrics commonly used in the study habitat fragmentation, Landscape Ecology 13(3) : 167-186 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007965018633
  18. Herzog, F., A. Lausch, E. Muller, H. Thulke, U. Steinhardt, and S. Lehmann, 2001, Landscape metrics for assessment of landscape destruction and rehabilitation, Environment Management 27(1) : 91-107 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002670010136
  19. Jensen, J.R., D.J. Cowen, S. Narumalani, J.D. Althausen, and O. Weatherbee, 1993, An Evaluation of Coast Watch Change Detection Protocol in South Carolina, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 56(9) : 1039-1056
  20. Lindenmayer, D.B., 1999, Future directions for biodiversity conservation in managed forests: indicator species, impact studies and monitoring programs, Forest Ecology and Management 115 : 277-287 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00406-X
  21. McGarigal, K., S.A Cushman, M.C. Neel, and E. Ene, 2002, FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps, Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/ fragstats /fragstats.html
  22. O'Neill, R.V., R.H. Gardner, and G.M. Turner, 1992, A hierarchical neutral model for landscape analysis, Landscape Ecology 7 : 55-61 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02573957
  23. Ritters, K. H., R. V. O'Neill, C. T. Hunsaker, J. D. Wickham, D.H. Yankee, S.P. Timmis, K.B. Jones, and B.L. Jackson, 1995, A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics, Landscape Ecology 10(1): 23-39 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00158551
  24. Tinker, D.B., C.A.C. Resor, G.P. Beauvais, K.F. Kimfmueller, C.I. Fernandes, and W.L. Baker, 1998, Watershed analysis of forest fragmentation by clearcuts and roads in a Wyoming forest, Landscape Ecology 13(3) : 149-165 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007919023983
  25. Tischendorf, L., 2001, Can landscape indices predict ecological processes consistently?, Landscape Ecology 16(3) : 235-254 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011112719782
  26. Turner, M.G., and C.L. Rusher, 1988, Changes in landscape patterns in Georgia, USA, Landscape Ecology 1(4) : 241-251 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00157696
  27. Zebisch, M., F. Wechsung, and H. Kenneweg, 2004, Landscape response functions for biodiversity-assessing the impact of land-use changes at the country level, Landscape and Urban Planning 67 : 157-172 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(03)00036-7