The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Impacts of Temperature, Salinity and Irradiance on the Growth of Ten Harmful Algal Bloom-forming Microalgae Isolated in Korean Coastal Waters

한국연안에서 분리한 적조형성 미세조류 10종의 성장에 미치는 온도, 염분, 광도의 영향

  • Lee, Chang-Kyu (National Fisheries Research & Development Institute) ;
  • Lee, Ok-Hee (School of Environmental engineering, Inje University) ;
  • Lee, Sam-Geun (National Fisheries Research & Development Institute)
  • Published : 2005.02.28
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Abstract

In order to understand growth characteristics of ten major species of microalgae responsible for frequent harmful algal blooms in Korean coastal waters, the growth rates of the isolates were examined in relation with the impacts of water temperature, salinity and irradiance. In addition, their bloom events since 1990 as well as monthly abundance of vegetative cells were analyzed. Heterocapsa triquetra, Eutreptiella gymnastica and Alexandrium tamarense were considered as relatively mid temperature adapted species in that growth rates were comparatively high at low water temperatures of $10{\sim}16^{\circ}C$ and drastically decreased at above $22^{\circ}C$. Prorocentrum micans and Pyramimonas sp. were categorized as relatively high temperature adapted species by showing comparatively better growths at high water temperatures above $25^{\circ}C$. Akashiwo sanguinea, Heterosigma akashiwo, Prorocentrum minimum and Scrippsiella trochoidea were eurythermal species with relative high growth rates in a broad ranges of water temperature, $16{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ were slightly halophobic, showing better growths at low salinities of $10{\sim}30$ psu than at above 35 psu. H. akashiwo, P. minimum and H. triquetra were euryhaline species with remarkable growths in a broad ranges of salinity, 15-40 psu. Frequent algal blooms by these three species at extremely low salinities below 25 psu after rainfall were attributed to their euryhaline and slightly halophobic physiological characteristics. Growth rates of H. akashiwo, P. minimum and Pyraminonas sp. increased with the increase of irradiance within the experimental ranges of $2{\sim}150\;{\mu}E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. However, A. sanguinea, A. tamarense and H. triquetra showed better growths at comparatively low irradiance of $50{\sim}100\;{\mu}E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and drastic decreases in growth rates above $150\;{\mu}E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ of irradiance. Overall, relatively high temperature adapted species make blooms frequently in high water temperature season with strong natural irradiance, and relatively low temperature adapted species grow better at low water temperature with relatively weak natural irradiance.

한국 연안에서 출현하는 주요 적조생물의 적조발생 특성을 알아보기 위해 편모조류 10종을 대상으로 하여 수온과 염분, 광도에 따른 종의 성장률을 조사하였고, 또한 최근 13년간의 적조발생자료와 1999년도 및 2000년도 남해안연안에서 조사한 적조생물의 출현밀도를 비교, 분석하였다. 수온에 따른 적조생물의 성장은 Heterocapsa triquetra, Eutreptiella gymnastica, Alexandrium tamarense의 경우 대체로 $16{\sim}22^{\circ}C$에서 최대성장률을 보였으나, $10{\sim}16^{\circ}C$의 저수온에서도 비교적 높은 성장률을 보였고 $22^{\circ}C$이상의 고수온에서는 오히려 성장률이 급격히 감소되는 것으로 나타나 저온성종의 특성을 보였다. Prorocentrum micans와 Pyramimonas sp.는 $19^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저수온에서는 낮은 성장률을 보였으나 $22{\sim}25^{\circ}C$에서는 높은 성장률을 보여 고온종의 특성을 나타냈으며, Akashiwo sanguinea, Hetemsigma akashiwo Prorocentrum minimum, Scrippsiella tnchoidea는 $16{\sim}25^{\circ}C$의 광범위한 수온 범위에서 비교적 높은 성장률을 보여 광온성종의 특성을 보였다. 또한 이러한 결과는 이 종들이 자연상태에서 적조를 일으키는 수온 범위와도 대체로 일치하였다 염분에 따른 성장은 대부분의 종이 염분 $30{\sim}35$ psu에서 높은 성장률을 보였는데, E. gymnastica는 35 psu 이상의 고염분보다는 $10{\sim}30$ psu의 저염분에서 더 높은 성장률을 나타내 저염성을 보였으며, H. akashiwo, P. minimum, H. triquetra는 $15{\sim}40$ psu의 넓은 염분 범위에서 양호한 성장률을 보여 광염성종의 특성을 보였다. 이종들은 한국 연안에서 강우 직후 염분이 25 psu이하로 하강하는 저염분 상태에서 빈번히 적조를 일으키고 있는데, 이것은 이종들의 저염 및 광염성 특성과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 광도별 성장은 H. akashiwo, P. minimum, Pyramimonas sp.는 $150\;{\mu}E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 고광도에서 비교적 높은 성장률을 보였다. A. sanguinea, A. tamarense, H. triquetra는 $150{\sim}100\;{\mu}E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$에서 가장 높은 성장률을 보였고 $100\;{\mu}E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ 이상의 고광도에서 는 오히려 성장률이 급격히 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 수온과 일조량이 높은 시기인 하계에 적조를 일으키는 고온성 종은 고광도에서 성장이 좋은 것으로 나타났고, 수온과 일조량이 낮은 동, 춘계에 적조를 일으키는 저온성 종은 저 광도에서 성장이 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

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