영재교육연구 (Journal of Gifted/Talented Education)

한국영재학회 (The Korean Society for the Gifted)
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뇌기능영상 측정법을 이용한 영재성 평가의 타당성 연구

A Neurobiological Measure of General Intelligence in the Gifted

  • 조선희 (서울대학교 생물교육과) ;
  • 김희백 (서울대학교 생물교육과) ;
  • 최유용 (서울대학교 뇌과학협동과정) ;
  • 채정호 (가톨릭대학교 정신과학교실) ;
  • 이건호 (서울대학교 생명과학부)
  • 발행 : 2005.06.30
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초록

본 연구에서는 뇌영상기술(fMRI)을 이용하여 뇌신경활동성에 기반한 영재성 평가의 가능성을 타진하였다. 이를 위해 현행 영재교육 수혜자 및 일반 고교생 50명을 대상으로 국제적으로 공인된 다양한 지능검사(RAPM, WAIS)와 창의력 검사(TTCT-도형, TTCT-언어)를 실시하였으며 이들 중 40명의 학생을 대상으로 추론적 사고능력을 요구하는 지능과제 수행 시 두뇌활동성을 측정하였다. 일반지능(g) 수준에 따라 영재군과 일반군으로 구분하여 두뇌활동성을 비교 분석한 결과 두 그룹 모두 좌.우반구의 외측전전두엽피질(lateral PFC), 전대상피질(ACC), 후두정엽피질(PPC)에서 높은 활동성을 보였으며, 영재군이 일반군에 비해 높게 나타났다. 개인별 일반지능(g) 수준과 두뇌활동성 사이의 상관도를 분석한 결과 후두정엽피질에서 가장 높은 상관도$(r=0.73{\sim}0.74)$를 보였으며 다른 영역들 역시 비교적 높은 상관도$(r=0.53{\sim}0.66)$를 보였다. 한편 영재군은 일반군에 비해 지능지수에서는 월등히 높은 수치를 보였으나 창의력지수에서는 크게 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 뇌기능영상기술이 영재성 평가에 적용될 수 있을 것이라는 가능성을 보여주며 영재선발 시 창의력에 대한 평가 비중을 강화시킬 필요성이 있음을 시사한다.

We applied functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques to examine whether general intelligence (g) could be assessed using a neurobiological signal of the brain. Participants were students in a national science academy and several local high schools. They were administered diverse intelligence (RAPM and WAIS) and creativity tests (TTCT-figural and TTCT-verbal). Forty of them were scanned using fMRI while performing complex and simple g tasks. In brain regions of greater blood flow in complex compared with simple g tasks, the gifted group with an exceptional g level was not significantly different from the average group with an ordinary g level: both of them activated the lateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate, posterior parietal cortices. However, the activation levels of the gifted group were greater than those of the average group, particularly in the posterior parietal cortex. Correlation analysis showed that the activity of the posterior parietal cortex has the highest correlation ($(r=0.73{\sim}0.74)$) with individual g levels and other regions also have moderate correlation ($(r=0.53{\sim}0.66)$). On the other hand, two-sample t test showed a striking contrast in intelligence tests scores between the gifted and the average group, whereas it did not show in creativity tests scores. These results suggest that it is within the bounds of possibility that a neurobiological signal of the brain is used in the assessment of the gifted and also suggest that creativity has to be given a great deal of weight on the assessment of the gifted.

키워드

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