Concentration Variations of Trace Elements in Gosan, Jeiu During the Polluted Period in November 2001 and the Yellow Sand Period in Spring 2002

2001년 11월 오염시기와 2002년 봄 황사시기 제주도 고산에서의 미량원소 농도 변화

  • 한진석 (국립환경연구원 대기화학과) ;
  • 김영성 (한국과학기술연구원 대기자원연구센터) ;
  • 문광주 (국립환경연구원 대기화학과) ;
  • 안준영 (국립환경연구원 대기화학과) ;
  • 김정은 (광주과학기술원 환경모니터링 신기술 연구센터) ;
  • 류성윤 (광주과학기술원 환경모니터링 신기술 연구센터) ;
  • 김영준 (광주과학기술원 환경모니터링 신기술 연구센터) ;
  • 공부주 (국립환경연구원 대기화학과) ;
  • 이석조 (국립환경연구원 대기화학과)
  • Published : 2004.04.01

Abstract

The chemical composition of PM$_{2.5}$ was measured at Gosan, Jeju for two weeks each in November 2001 and spring 2002. In the latter part of the measurement period of November 2001, designated as the polluted period in this work, secondarily formed ion components as well as primarily emitted elemental carbon were high. PM$_{2.5}$ mass concentration was also high in this polluted period compared with the yellow sand period, in which daily average of PM $_{10}$ peaked up to 520 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥. Increase of major components of anthropogenic origin in the polluted period was not correlated with the variation in sea salt components while increase of crustal components in the yellow sand period was highly correlated with the variation in sea salt components. Trace elements were generally higher in the yellow sand period; however, toxic heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium and lead were the highest in the polluted period.d.d.d.

Keywords

References

  1. 김병화, 김동술(2000) 수원지역 대기 중 $PM_2.5$$PM_10$의 환경거동에 관한 연구,한국대기환경학회지, 16, 89-101
  2. 김영성(2003) 대기 중 잔류성 유기오염물질과 중금속의 특성과 현황, 한국대기환경학회지, 19, 113-132
  3. 김영성, 김진영, 김연제, 문길주, 문광주, 한진석, 김상우, 윤순창, 권성안(2003) 2001 년 11윌 오염시기와 2002년 봄 황사시기 제주도 고산에서의 잔류성 유기오염물질 농도 변화, 한국대기환경학회지, 19, 469-490
  4. 김태오, 김동술, 나진균(1990) Target transformation factor analysis롤 이용한 부산시 분진 오염원의 양척 추정, 한국대기보전학회지, 6, 135-146
  5. 백성옥, 황승만(1992) 주성분/중회귀분석을 이용한 대구지역 대기 중 부유분진의 발생원별 특성평가,한국대기보전학회지, 8, 179-190
  6. 최규훈,, 김기현, 강창희, 이진흥(2003) 황사와 비황사기간의 중금속 농도분포 특성 : 2001년 황사기간에 대한비교 연구, 한국대기환경학회지, 19, 45-56
  7. 최만식,, 이선기, 최재천, 이민영(1995) 소백산 대기 중 입자상 물질의 화학적 특성에 관한 연구(II) 금속원소의 계절적인 변화와 기원을 중심으로,한국대기보전학회지,11, 191-198
  8. 환경부,국립환경연구원(2001) 대기환경연보(2000)
  9. Berg, T., A.-G. Hjellbrekke, and R. Larsen (2001) Heavy metals and POPs within the EMEP region, 1999, EMEP/CCC-Report 9/2001, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, URL http://www.nilu.no/projects /ccc/reports/cccr9-2001.pdf (accessed in February 2002)
  10. ChemGlobe (2000) Periodic table of the elements URL http://www.vcs.ethz.ch/chemglobe/ptoe/index.html(accessed in March 2003)
  11. Choi, J.C., M. Lee, Y. Chun, J. Kim, and S. Oh (2001) Chemical composition and source signiture of spring aerosol in Seoul, Korea, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18,067-18,074
  12. Chow, J.C. (1995) Measurement methods to determine compliance with ambient air quality standards for suspended particles, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 45, 320-382
  13. Chun, Y., K.-O. Boo, J. Kim, S.-V. Park, and M. Lee(2001) Synopsis, transport, and physical characteristics of Asian dust in Korea, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18,461-18,469
  14. Fung, K.(1990) Particulate carbon speciation by MnO2 oxidation, Aerosol Science Technology, 12, 122-127
  15. Hashimoto, Y., Y. Sekine, H.K. Kim, Z.L. Chen, and Z.M. Yang(1994) Atmospheric fingerprints of East Asia, 1986 - 1991. An urgent record of aerosol analysis by the JACK network, Atmospheric Environment, 28, 1437-1445
  16. Kim, B.M., S. Teffera, and M.D. Zeldin(2000) Characterization of PM2.5 and PM10 in the South Coast Air Basin of Southern California: Part 1-Spatial variations, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 50, 2034-2044
  17. Liu, X. (2002) National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurements, Beijing, China, personal communication
  18. Main, H. (1999) Quantifying the contribution of important sources to PM concentrations, URL http://capita. wustl.edu/PMFine/Workbook/PMTopics_PPT/WB _SourceAttr/ Version3/sourceapport3.pdf (Accessed in July 2001)
  19. MSC-E (Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East) (2002) HMs (Heavy Metals), URL http://www.msceast.org/hms (accessed in February 2002)
  20. Mukai, M., A. Tanaka, T. Fujii, Y. Zeng, Y. Hong, J. Tang, S. Guo, H. Xue, Z. Sun, J. Zhou, D. Xue, J. Zhao, G. Zhai, J. Gu, and P. Zhai (2001) Regional characteristics of sulfur and lead isotope ratios in the atmosphere at several Chinese urban sites, Environ. Sci. Tech., 35, 1064-1071
  21. NARSTO (2003) Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers. A NARSTO Assessment, EPRI 1007735, http://www.cgenv.com/Narsto/ (accessed in May 2003)
  22. Park, S.S., M.S. Bae, and Y.J. Kim (2001) Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 particles in the Sihwa area, Korea, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 51, 393-405
  23. Perry, K.D., T.A. Cahill, R.A. Eldred, D.D. Dutcher, and T.E. Gill(1997) Long-range transport of North African dust to the eastern United States, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 11,225-11,238
  24. Pirrone, N. and G.J. Keeler (1997) Modeling atmospheric deposition and gas exchange of hazardous air pollutants over Lake Michigan, In Atmospheric Deposition of Contaminants to the Great Lakes and Coastal Waters, Edited by J.E. Baker, SETAC Technical Publications Series, SETAC, Pensacola, Flor., Chap. 7
  25. Schauer, J.J., W.F. Rogge, L.M. Hildemann, M.A. Mazurek, G.R. Cass, and B.R.T. Simoneit(1996) Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic compounds as tracers, Atmospheric Environment, 30, 3837-3855
  26. Seinfeld, J.H. and S.N. Pandis(1998) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY
  27. USEPA(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)(1999) Particulate Matter ($PM_2.5$) Speciation Guidance, Final Draft, Edition I, URL http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/fi les/ambient/pm25/spec/specfinl.pdf(accessed in March 2003)
  28. USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)(2000) Lake Michigan Lake Wide Management Plan (LaMP2000), URL http://www.epa.gov/grtlakes/lakemichl(accessed in January 2002)
  29. UNECE(United Nations Economic Commissions for Europe)(1998) The 1998 Aarhus Protocol on Heavy Metals, URL http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/hm_h1.htm (accessed in January 2002)
  30. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)(2001)Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), URL http://www.chem.unep.ch/sc/(accessed in January 2002)
  31. Watson, J.G., N.F. Robinson, E.M. Fujita, J.C. Chow, T.G. Pace, e. Lewis, and T. Coulter (1998) CMB8 Applications and Validation Protocol for $PM_2.5$ and VOCS, Document No. 1808.2D1, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV
  32. Woo, J.-H.(2002) University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, personal communication