Analysis of Complications Associated with the Nuss Procedure: Risk Factors and Preventive Measures

너스수술의 합병증에 대한 고찰: 위험인자 분석과 예방책의 제시

  • Park, Hyung-Joo (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine and Chunan Hospital) ;
  • Chang, Won-Ho (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine and Chunan Hospital) ;
  • Jeon, Cheol-Woo (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine and Chunan Hospital) ;
  • Park, Han-Gyu (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine and Chunan Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Seock-Yeol (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine and Chunan Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Cheol-Sae (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine and Chunan Hospital) ;
  • Youm, Wook (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine and Chunan Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Kihl-Roh (Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine and Chunan Hospital)
  • 박형주 (순천향대학교 흉부외과학교실 및 천안병원) ;
  • 장원호 (순천향대학교 흉부외과학교실 및 천안병원) ;
  • 전철우 (순천향대학교 흉부외과학교실 및 천안병원) ;
  • 박한규 (순천향대학교 흉부외과학교실 및 천안병원) ;
  • 이석열 (순천향대학교 흉부외과학교실 및 천안병원) ;
  • 이철세 (순천향대학교 흉부외과학교실 및 천안병원) ;
  • 염욱 (순천향대학교 흉부외과학교실 및 천안병원) ;
  • 이길노 (순천향대학교 흉부외과학교실 및 천안병원)
  • Published : 2004.06.01

Abstract

Background: Since the Nuss procedure for the correction of pectus excavatum is in its early stage, there have been problems that need to be solved. We examined complications in a single-institute experience of the Nuss technique in order to develop possible solutions to prevent them. Material and Method: 335 consecutive patients, who underwent the modified Nuss procedure between August 1999 and October 2002, were studied retrospectively. Median age was 8 years (range 1 to 46). 264 patients (78.8%) were in pediatric group (age$\leq$15) and 71 patients (21.2%) were in adult group (age> 15). 193 patients (57.6%) had symmetric and 142 patients (42.4%) had asymmetric pectus configurations. Risk factors predicting postoperative complications were analyzed using multi-variate logistic regression. Result: Postoperative complication rates were 18.9% (61/335) in total patients. Frequent complications were pneumothorax 24 (7.5%), bar displacement 11 (3.4%), and wound seroma 10 (3.1%) in order. Early complications (within a month, 49 cases, 15.2%) were pneumothorax (n=23, 6.9%), wound seroma (n=12, 3.6%), and bar displacement (n=8, 2.4%). Late complications (after a month, 12 cases, 3.7%) were pericarditis and pericardial effusion (n=5, 1.5%), bar displacement (n=4, 1.2%), and hemothorax (n=3, 0.9%). Techniques were modified to prevent complications especially in bar shaping and fixation, which led to decrease complication rate in later experience (Operation Date 1: 15/51 (29.4%) vs Operation Date 2: 34/284 (12.0%), p=0.004). Grand Canyon type (eccentric long canal type) showed higher complication rate than other types (GC type: 12/30(40%) vs Others: 37/305 (12.1%), p<0.001). Major risk factors are severity of pectus (OR=2.88, p=0.038), Grand Canyon type (OR=2.82, p=0.044), and Op. Date 1 (OR=4.05, p=0.001). Conclusion: Major complications were related to severe eccentric type of pectus configuration (Grand Canyon type) and lack of surgeon's experience (Op. Date 1). Com-plication rate was reduced with accumulation of experience and advancement of surgical techniques. The Nuss procedure can be performed at a low risk of complications with our current technique.

배경: 너스수술법은 최신 수술법으로서 훌륭한 교정효과를 인정받고 있다. 그러나 이 수술법은 아직 시행 초기로서 해결되어야 할 문제점들이 적지 않다. 저자들은 3년여의 경험을 통해 그간 발생한 합병증들을 분석하고 이에 대한 해결책들을 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1999년 8월부터 2003년 10월까지 순천향대학교 천안병원에서 너스수술을 받은 335명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 나이는 중앙값이 8세(범위: 16개월∼46세)였다. 소아환자 (15세 이하)가 264명(78.8%)이었고 성인(16세 이상)은 71명(21.2%)이었다. 형태 분류상 대칭형이 193명(57.6%), 비대칭형이 142명(42.4%)이었다. 다 변수분석(Multivariate Logistic Regression)을 통하여 합병증 발생의 위험인자를 구하였다. 결과: 수술의 합병증은 총 61예 (18.9%)에서 발생하였다. 조기 합병증(수술 후 30일 이내)은 49예 (15.2%)로 기흉(n=23, 6.9%), 상처 seroma (n=12, 3.6%), 막대편위 (n=8, 2.4%) 등이었고, 만기 합병증(수술 후 31일 이후)은 총 12예(3.7%)로 심낭염(n=5, 1.5%), 막대편위 (n=4, 1.2%), 혈흉 (n=3, 0.9%) 등이 빈번하였다. 합병증의 예방기법의 개발로 본 경험의 후기에 합병증이 감소하였다(99년 이전: 15/51 (29.4%) vs 2000년 이후: 34/284 (12.2%), p=0.04). 대협곡형 (Grand Canyon type)은 다른 형태에 비해 합병증 발생률이 높았다(대협곡형: 12/30 (40.0%) vs 다른 형태: 37/305 (12.3%), p<0.001). 다변수 분석에서 합병증의 주요 위험인자는 누두흉의 심도 (OR=2.88, p=0.038), 대협곡형(OR=2.82, p=0.044)과 수술시기1 (OR=4.05, p=0.001)이었다. 결론 너스수술의 합병증은 주로 심한 비대칭 협곡형과 수술 경험의 부족(수술시기 1)과 관련이 있었다. 경험의 축적과 변형 기법의 개발로 합병증을 줄일 수 있었으므로, 현재의 변형 너스수술법은 합병증의 발생률이 낮은 안전한 수술방법으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

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