칠레이리응애에 대한 농약의 선택독성과 장미에서 천적과 농약의 혼용에 의한 점박이응애의 방제효과

Selective Toxicity of Pesticides to the Predatory Mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis and Control Effects of the Two-spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae by Predatory Mite and Pesticide Mixture on Rose

  • 안기수 (충북농업기술원 농업환경과) ;
  • 이소영 (충북농업기술원 농업환경과) ;
  • 이기열 (충북농업기술원 농업환경과) ;
  • 이영수 (경기도농업기술원 북부농업시험장) ;
  • 김길하 (충북대학교 농과대학 식물의학과)
  • 발행 : 2004.03.01

초록

장미의 병해충 방제에 등록되어 있는 34종, 등록되어 있지 않은 5종, 그리고 보조제 3종, 충 42종의 농약에 대한 칠레이리응애(알, 약충, 성충)와 점박이응애(알, 성충)의 선택독성과 칠레이리 응애에 의한 점박이응애 밀도억제효과를 조사하였다. 살비제 중 acequinocyl, bifenazate, fenbutatin oxide, spirodiclofen은 칠레이리응애에 대해서 독성이 낮았으나, 점박이응애에 대해서는 독성이 높았다. 살충제는 acetamiprid, imidacloprid, spinosad, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid+etofenprox가 칠레이리응애와 점박이응애에 대해서 독성이 없거나 적었다. 살균제 중에는 azoxystrobin, kresoximmethyl, myclobutanil, nuarimol, triadimefon, triflumizole, oxadixyl+mancozeb이 칠레이리응애와 점박이응애에 대해서 영향이 없었다. 농약보조제인 cover와 siloxane은 칠레이리응애에 대해서 독성이 컸으나, spreader는 영향이 없었고, 점박이응애에 대해서는 독성이 없거나 낮았다. 장미시설하우스에 서 칠레이리응애에 의한 점박이응애 밀도억제효과를 조사하기 위하여, 점박이응애의 밀도가 잎당 65.3마리였을 때, 칠레이리응애를 주당 30마리 방사하였다. 방사 후 11일에 점박이응애 밀도가 잎당 3.8마리로 크게 감소하였고, 방사 후 20일에는 잎당 0마리로 밀도억제효과가 높게 나타났다. 조사기간 동안 흰가루병 방제로 살균제 4회(kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, nuarimol, triflumizole)와 총채벌레 방제약제를 1회(spinosad)처리하였으나, 칠레이리응애 밀도에는 영향이 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 장미 병해충의 종합관리체계에서 칠레이리응애에 독성이 적은 약제와 칠레이리응애를 함께 이용할 수 있을 것이다.

Toxicities of 42 pesticides (13 acaricides, 13 insecticides, 13 fungicides and 3 adjuvants) commonly used to control rose insect, mite, and disease pests were evaluated to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae egg and adult, and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis egg, nymph and adult at the recommended concentration. The effect of density suppression of T urticae by predatory mite and pesticide mixture on the rose in the greenhouses was also investigated. Among 13 acaricides tested, acequinocyl, bifenazate, fenbutatin oxide and spirodiclofen showed much less toxicity to P. persimilis than to T urticae. Among insecticides, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, spinosad, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid+etofenprox showed low toxicity to P. persimilis. and T ruticae. Among 13 fungicides, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, nuarimol, triadimefon, triflumizole and oxadixyl+mancozeb had a negligible effect on P. persimilis and T. urticae. Among three adjuvants, cover and siloxane expressed high toxicity, while spreader showed very low toxicity to P. Persimilis. In the greenhouses experiments, the density of T urticae before treatment was 65.3 mites per leaf. However, their density after release about 30 predatory mites per rose abruptly decreased from 3.8 mites at 11th day to zero mite at 20th day. During survey periods, four treatments of fungicides (kresoxim-methyl, myclobutanil, nuarimol, triflumizole) for the control of Sphaerotheca pannosa and one treatment of insecticide (spinosad) the control of Frankliniella occidentalis were applied, and these treatments had no the pesticides had no effect on the predatory mite density. It may be suggested from these results that four acaricides, five insecticides, seven fungicides, and one adjuvant could be incorporated into the integrated T. urticae management system with P. persimilis on rose cultivation.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Asada, M. 1978. Genetics and biochemical mechanisms of acaricide resistance in phytophagous mites. J. Pestic. Sci. 3: 61-68 https://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.3.61
  2. Croft, B.A. 1990. Developing a philosophy and program of pesticide resistance management, In Pesticide resistance in arthropods. Edited by R. Choi, B.R., S.A. Hilton, A.B. Broad-bent. 2003. Selection of low toxic insecticides for phytoseiid predatory mites, Amblyseius cucumeris and Amblyseius faIIacis. Kor. J. Pest. Sci. 7: 296-301
  3. Inoue, K. 1989. Genetics mechanisms of increase and decrease of resistance to acaricides in the spider mites. Plant Protect. 43: 367-371
  4. Kim, D.H., K.S. Kim, J.W. Hyun and H.C. Lim. 2003. Release level of Amblyseius faIlacis german (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) for biological control of Panonychus citri McGrego (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on citrus. Kor. J. Entomol. 42: 233-240
  5. Kim, D.I. and S.C. Lee. 1996. Functional response and suppression of prey population of Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) to Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Kor. J. Appl. Entomol. 35: 126-131
  6. Kim, G.H., C. Song, B.Y. Chung, N.J. Park and K.Y. Cho. 1995. Stability of dicofol resistance of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Kor. J. Appl. Entomol. 34: 61-64
  7. Kim, S.S. and C.H. Paik. 1996a. Comparative toxicity of fenpyroximate to the predatory mite, Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha and the kanzawa spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acarina: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 31: 369-377
  8. Kim, S.S. and C.H. Paik. 1996b. Relative toxicity of tebufenpyrad to the predatory mite, Amblyseius womersleyi (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) and the spider mites, Tetranychus urticae and T. kanzawai (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Kor. J. Entomol. 26: 373-380
  9. Kim, Y.H., J.H. Kim and M.W. Han. 1999. A preliminary study on the biological control of Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida in Angelica utilis Makino by Phytoseiulus persimilis Anthias Aenthias-Henriot (Acarina: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae). Kor. J. Appl. Entomol. 38: 151-155
  10. Kwon, G.M. 1996. Ecological characteristics of three phytoseiid mite species and effect of some pesticides on them. M.S. Thesis, Andong Univ. 38pp
  11. Lee, S.G., S.A. Hilton, A.B. Broadbent and J.H. Kim. 2002. Insecticide resistance in phytoseiid predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseius cucumeris (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 5: 123-129 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60141-7
  12. Lee, S.W. 1990. Studies on the pest status and integrated mite management in apple orchards. Ph.D Thesis, Seoul National Univ. 87pp
  13. Lee, Y.S., M.H. Song, K.S. Ahn, K.Y. Lee, J.W. Kim and G.H. Kim. 2003. Monitoring of acaricide resistance in two-spotted spide mite (Tetranychus urticae) Populations from rose greenhouses in Korea. J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 6: 91-96 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60173-9
  14. Park, C.G., M.H. Lee, J.K. Yoo, J.O. Lee and B.R. Choi. 1995. Relateve toxicity of abamectin to the predatory mite Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Kor. J. Appl. Entomol. 34: 360-367
  15. Paik, C.H. and S.S. Kim. 1996. Selective toxicity of flufenoxuron to the predatory mite, Amblyseius womersleyi (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) and the spider mites, Tetranychus urticae and T. kanzawai (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Kor. J. Entomol. 26: 47-55
  16. Prokopy, RJ. and C. Margaret. 1992. Studies on releases of massreared organophosphate resistant Amblyseius fallacis (Germ.) predatory mites in Massachusetts commercial apple orchards. J. Appl. Entomol. 114: 131-137 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1992.tb01107.x
  17. SAS Institute. 1991. SAS/STAT User's Guide: Ststistics, version 6.04. SAS Institute, Cary, N. C., U.S.A.
  18. Sekita, N. 1986. Toxicity of pesticides commonly used in Japaneses apple orchards to the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from New Zealland. Appl. Ent. Zool. 21: 173-175
  19. Yoo, S.S. and S.S. Kim. 2000. Comparative toxicity of some pesticides to the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) and the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Kor. J. Entomol. 30: 235-241
  20. Yoon, TJ., M.I. Ryoo and K. Cho. 2001. Effect of Wolbachia infection on fitness of resistance to dicofol in Tetranychus urticae (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Kor. J. Appl. Entomol. 40: 321-326
  21. Zhang, Z.Q. and J.P. Sanderson. 1990. Relative toxicity of abamectin to the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and two-spotted spider mete (Acari: Tetranychidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 83: 1783-1790