암모늄으로 오염된 비위생 매립지 주변지반의 지하수 정화를 위한 반응벽체내 물질 연구

Feasibility Study on Reactive Material in Permeable Reactive Barriers Against Contaminated Groundwater with Ammonium from Unsanitary Landfill

  • 이승학 (서울대학교 지구환경시스템공학부) ;
  • 박준범 (서울대학교 지구환경시스템공학부)
  • 발행 : 2004.02.01

초록

암모늄으로 오염된 불량 매립지의 주변지반 지하수를 정화함에 있어 반응벽체를 적용할 경우, 고려해야 할 주요 설계인자를 평가하기 위해 회분식 실험, 투수시험, 주상실험을 수행하였다. 반응물질로는 높은 양이온교환능(CEC)를 가지는, 천연 제올라이트의 일종인 Clinoptilolite를 사용하였다. 회분식 실험의 경우, 암모늄 오염액의 초기농도와 Clinoptilolite 입자크기를 변화시키며 Clinoptilolite의 암모늄에 대한 제거율을 평가하였다. 암모늄의 초기농도가 80ppm으로 고농도인 경우를 제외하고는 단위 량의 Clinoptilolite로 약 80% 암모늄을 제거할 수 있었다. Clinoptilolite의 입자크기에 의한 영향은 뚜렷하지 않았다. 투수시험은 Clinoptilolite와 주문진사를 무게비 20 : 80으로 혼합한 후 시편을 성형하여 수행하였다. 투수시험에는 연성벽체 투수기를 사용하였다. 시험결과, 세척된 0.42∼0.85mm의 크기를 가지는 Clinoptilolite를 포함하는 시편이, 약 $10^{-3}$cm/s의 투수계수로 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 주상실험에서는 실제 매립지 침출수를 이용해, 유동 상태에서 암모늄 이온을 포함한 침출수와 Clinoptilolite 혼합토의 반응성을 검토하였다. 본 연구를 통해 Clinoptilolite는 암모늄을 정화하고자 하는 반응벽체에 적용 가능한 반응물질로 판단되었다.

Batch and column tests were performed to develop the design factors for permeable reactive barriers(PRBs) against the contaminated groundwater with ammonium from unsanitary landfill. Clinoptilolite, one of natural zeolites having excellent cation exchange capacity(CEC), was chosen as the reactive material. In batch test, the reactivity of clinoptilolite to ammonium was examined by varying the initial concentration of ammonium and the particle size of clinoptilolites. One gram of clinoptilolite showed removal efficiency about 80% against the ammonium except in very high initial concentration of 80 ppm, but the effect of particle size of clinoptilolite was not noticeable. Permeability test was performed for the specimens made of clinoptilolite and Jumunjin sand with 20 : 80 weight ratio. Flexible wall permeameter was employed far permeability test. The specimen containing the washed 0.42-0.85mm clinoptilolite showed the highest permeability of about $10^{-3}$/s. In column test, the reactivity of mixed materials against ammonium in flowing condition was examined with the landfill leachate. With the test results, clinoptilolite was found to be a suitable material for PRBs against the contaminated groundwater with ammonium.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Standard test method for measurement of hydraulic conductivity of saturated porous materials using a flexible wall permeameter, D 5084-90 ASTM
  2. Water quality and treatment(Fourth edition) Ion exchange and inorganic adsorption Clifford,D.A.
  3. Water Research v.31 no.6 Metal ion exchange by natural and modified zeolites Curkovic,L.;Cerjan-stefanovic,S.;Filipan,T. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(96)00411-3
  4. Journal of Environmental Engineering v.127 no.8 Ion exchange of ammonium in zeolites: A literature review Hedstrom,A. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2001)127:8(673)
  5. Water Research v.35 no.2 Heavy metal removal with Mexican clinoptilolite multi-component ionic exchange Mier,M.V.;Callejas,R.L.;Gehr,R.;Cisneros,B.E.J.;Alvarez,P.J.J. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00270-0
  6. Journal of Hazardous Materials v.95 no.1;2 Lab scale experiments for permeable reactive barriers against contaminated groundwater with ammonium and heavy metals using clinoptilolite (01-29B) Park,J.B.;Lee,S.H.;Lee,J.W.;Lee,C.Y. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00007-9
  7. Permeable reactive barrier technologies for Contaminant Remediation US EPA
  8. EPA-542-R-99-002 Field applications of in-situ remediation technologies: Permeable reactive barriers US EPA
  9. Journal of Environmental Engineering v.129 no.1 Reduction of nitrate, bromate, and chlorate by zero valent iron ($Fe^0$) Westerhoff,P. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:1(10)
  10. Seperation Science and Technology v.27 no.14 Removal of metal cations from water using zeolites Zamzow,M.J.;Murphy,J.E. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496399208019459