The effect of contamination on bonding of orthodontic brackets with a self-etching prirneriadhesive

Self-etching primer/adhesive를 사용한 교정용 브라켓의 접착시 오염이 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Yu-Shin (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyung-Soon (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Jung (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Jeon, Young-Mi (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Ghee (Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience Chonbuk National University)
  • 김유신 (전북대학교 치과대학 교정학교실) ;
  • 이형순 (전북대학교 치과대학 교정학교실) ;
  • 이현정 (전북대학교 치과대학 교정학교실) ;
  • 전영미 (전북대학교 치과대학 교정학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소) ;
  • 김정기 (전북대학교 치과대학 교정학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소)
  • Published : 2004.10.01

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of water, saliva and blood contamination on the bonding strength of metal brackets with a self-etching primer/adhesive to enamel. Ninety-six extracted human teeth were divided into four groups. The brackets were bonded to enamel with a self- etching primer (3M/Unitek Dental Products. Monorovia California) according to one of four protocols. The teeth were bonded in a dry condition (group D) or in contamination with distilled water (group W), artificial saliva (group S). or fresh human blood (group B) Shear bond strengths were tested using an Instron Universal testing machine. After debonding. bracket and tooth surfaces were examined with a stereomicroscope. In each group, four samples were selected and examined with a Scanning electron microscope of the prepared enamel surface and resin-enamel interlace. The results obtained were summarized as follows: Shear bond Strength if group D $(15.22{\pm}2.86MPa)$ and W $(15.20{\pm}3.85 MPa)$ Were higher than in group B$(12.56{\pm}2.94MPa)$ (p<0.05). There were no statistical differences in the shear bond strengths between groups D. W and S (p>0.05). There was a tendency to have less residual adhesive remaining on the enamel surfaces of group B than group D. The SEW morphology of group D and W showed a more roughened etching pattern than group S and B. Water or saliva contamination on bending of orthodontic brackets with Transbond plus self etching primer had almost no influence on bond strength In this study, the blood contaminated group showed the lowest bond strength, but it was above the clinically acceptable bond strength (5.9-7.8 MPa, Reynold, 1975). The results of this study suggest that acceptable clinical bond strengths can be obtained in wet conditions when self-etching adhesives are used.

이 연구는 self-etching primer와 adhesive를 사용하여 법랑질 표면에 교정용 브라켓을 접착할 때 수분과 타액, 그리고 혈액에 의한 오염이 브라켓의 전단결합강도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 시행되었다. 96개의 발거된 치아를 4개의 군으로 나누어서 self-etching primer와 adhesive를 사용하여 다음의 4가지 방법에 따라 교정용 브라켓을 접착하였다 첫 번째 군은 치면을 건조시킨 상태에서 부착하였고 두 번째, 세 번째, 네 번째 군은 각각 증류수, 인공타액. 혈액을 적용한 후 브라켓을 접착하였다 각 시편의 전단결합강도를 측정하였고 debonding 후에 브라켓과 치아 표면은 stereomicroscope을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 각 군에서 4개씩의 시편을 선택하여 표면처리된 법랑질 표면과 접착계면을 주사전자 현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 건조군과 증류수군의 전단결합강도는 각각 $15.22{\pm}2.86$ MPa과 $160.20{\pm}3.85MPa$로 혈액군의 전단결합강도$(12.50{\pm}2.94MPa)$보다 높았다.(P<0.05). 건조군과 증류수군, 그리고 인공타액군간에는 전단결합강도에 통계적 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 혈액군은 다른군에 비해서 debonding 후 법랑질 표면에 잔류한 레진의 양이 더 적었다.(p<0.06). self-etching primer로 처리된 치면의 주사전자현미경 소견에서 건조군과 증류수군의 치면에서는 인공타액군과 혈액군에 비해서 더욱 뚜렷한 산부식 구조를 볼 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로서 self-etching primer/adhesive를 사용한 교정용 브라켓의 접착시 수분이나 타액의 오염은 결합력에 거의 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있으며. 혈액으로 오염시에는 결합력에 영향을 미치지만. 임상적으로 유용한 최소 결합강도(5.9-7.8 MPa) 이상을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Zachrisson BJ. A posttreatment evaluation of direct bonding in orthodontics. Am J Orthod 1977;71:173-89 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9416(77)90394-3
  2. Honnati AA, Fuller JL, Denehy GE. Effects ofcontamination and mechanical disturbance on the quality of acid-etched enamel. J Am Dent Assoc 1980;100;34-8
  3. Silverstone LM, Hicks MJ, Featherstone MJ. Oral fluid contami-nation of etched enamel surfaces:an SEM study. J Am Dent Assoc 1985;110:329-32 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1985.0350
  4. Hitt JC, Feigal RJ. Use of a bonding agent to reduce sealant sen-sitivity to moisture contamination: an in vitro study. Pediatr Dent 1992;14:41-6
  5. Chigira H, Koike T, Hasegawa T, Itoh K, Wakumoto S, Haya-kawa T. Effect of the self etching dentin primers on the bonding efficacy of a dentin adhesive. Dent Mater J 1989;8:86-92 https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.8.86
  6. Bishara SE, VonWald L, Laffoon JF, Warren JJ. Effectof a self-etch primer/adhesive on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Am J orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119:621-4 https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.113269
  7. Arnold RW, Combe EC, Warford JH Jr. Bonding of staintless steel brackets to enamel with a new self-etching primer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:274-6 https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2002.125712
  8. BisharaSE, Gordan VV, VonWald L, Olson ME. Effectof an aci-dic primeron shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;114:243-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(98)70205-7
  9. Miller RA. Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a self-etching primer. J Clin Orthod 2001;35:42-5
  10. Jost-Brinkmann PG, Schiffer A, Miethke RR. The effectof adhe-sive-layer thickness on bond strength. J Clin Orthod 1992;26:718-20
  11. Artun J, Bergland S. Clinical trials with crystal growthcondition-ing as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment. Am J Orthod 1984;85:333-40 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(84)90190-8
  12. Itoh T, Fukushima T, Inoue Y, Arita S, Miyazaki K. Effect of water, saliva and blood contamination on bonding of metal brac-kets with a 4-META/MMA/TBB resin to etched enamel. Am J Dent 1999;12:299-304
  13. Grandhi RK, Combe EC, Speidel TM. Shear bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets with a moisture-insensitive primer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119:251-5 https://doi.org/10.1067/mod.2001.110988
  14. Bishara SE, Gordan VV, VonWald L, Jakobsen JR. Shear bond strength of composite, glass ionomer, and acidic primer adhesive systems. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;115:24-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(99)70312-4
  15. Perdigao J, Lopes L, Lambrechts P, Leitao J, Van Meerbeek B, Vanherle G. Effects of a self-etching primer on enamel shear bond strengths and SEM morphology. Am J Dent 1997;10:141-6
  16. Miller RA. Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a self-etching primer. J Clin Orthod 2001;35:42-5
  17. Miyazaki M, Hirohata N, Takagaki K, Onose H, Moore BK. Infl-uence of self-etching primer drying time on enamel bondstrength of resin composites. J Dent 1999;27:203-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-5712(98)00044-X
  18. Gordan VV, Vargas MA, Cobb DS, Denehy GE. Evaluation of ad-hesive systems using acidic primers. Am J Dent 1997;10:219-23
  19. el-Kalla IH, Garcia-Godoy F. Saliva contamination and bond strength of single-bottle adhesives to enamel and dentin. Am J Dent 1997;10:83-7
  20. Bishara SE, Ajlouni R, Laffoon JF, Warren JJ. Effect of a fluoride-releasing self-etch acidic primer on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Angle Orthod 2002;72:199-202
  21. Oliveira SS, Marshall SJ, Hilton JF, Marshall GW. Etching kine-tics of a self-etching primer. Biomaterials 2002;23:4105-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00149-7
  22. 안윤표, 김효영, 전영미, 김정기. Self-etching primer를 이용하여 접착된 교정용 브라켓의 전단결합강도, 대치교정지 2003;33:51-60
  23. Reynold IR. A review of direct orthodontic bonding. Br J Orthod 1975;2:171-8 https://doi.org/10.1080/0301228X.1975.11743666
  24. Toledano M, Osorio R, de Leonardi G, Rosales-Leal JI, Ceballos L, Cabrerizo-Vilchez MA. Influence of self-etching primer on the resin adhesion to enamel and dentin. Am J Dent 2001;14:205-10
  25. Sonis AL. Effect of a new bonding agent on bond strength to saliva-contaminated enamel. J Clin Orthod 1994;28:93-4