A Study on the Socialization Theory of Social Welfare Institutions -From the Point of View of the Community Welfare in Japan-

사회복지시설의 사회화론에 관한 일고찰 -일본 지역복지의 관점에서-

It has been said that there were many problems in a social welfare institution. Community welfare in Japan is being presented as an alternative solving these problems and underlying theories are deinstitutionalization, normalization, and community care. Recently, in Korea, these alternatives are connected with the logic that social welfare institutions are useless. But if we think the inborn duty of the social welfare institution, we can know the logic problem of these theories. Also, 'the socialization theory of social welfare institutions' has been presented as a solving method. But studies in Korea are having a partiality only to opening to community and are researched separately from community welfare. Under these problem perceptions, this study examined the construction contents of the community welfare in Japan, the relation of community welfare and social welfare institutions, the relation of the community welfare and the socialization theory of social welfare institutions, and the concept and content of the socialization theory of social welfare institutions. This study investigated the discussions in Japan, for studies in Korea are generally based on those of Japan and the domestic community welfare policy has been influenced immensely by Japan. The result of this study is as follows. Firstly, not the social welfare institution in a category of community welfare is excluded, but is prescribed as an essential post, a premise condition, and a composition post of the community welfare. Secondly, the socialization theory of social welfare institutions is also discussed in a category of the community welfare and in the side of community welfare development. Thirdly, the socialization theory of social welfare institutions is presented in the side of not only opening to community, but also a basic practice theory of the social welfare institution reformation including that.

사회복지시설은 역사적으로 다양하고도 심각한 문제를 표출시켜 왔는데, 지역복지를 상위분야로 한 각 대안들이 국내에서 사회복지시설을 지역복지실천의 영역에서 제외시키고 있다. 그러나 사회복지시설의 본연의 역할에 비추어 볼 때, 이러한 대안들은 논리적인 문제를 안고 있다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 문제인식 하에서 본고는 일본에서의 지역복지 중 지역복지의 구성내용, 지역복지에서의 사회복지시설에 대한 규정, 지역복지 범주에서 논의되고 있는 시설사회화론을 이론적으로 제시한다는 연구목적을 제시하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, 지역복지의 중요한 요소로서, 그리고 지역복지를 발전시키는 추진력으로서 사회복지시설이 규정되고 있다는 점과 시설사회화론 또한 지역복지를 발전시키기 위한 주요한 실천이론으로서 논의되고 있으며, 지역개방 측면만이 아니라 이를 포괄한 시설의 근본적인 개혁의 논리로서 제시되고 있다는 점이 밝혀졌다.