Advances in Traditional Medicine

Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center (경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Healing and preventive effects of low-esterified pectin on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

  • Khotimchenko, Yuri S. (Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences,Faculty of Pharmacy, Vladivostok State Medical University) ;
  • Kolenchenko, Elena A. (Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Khotimchenko, Maxim Y. (Faculty of Pharmacy, Vladivostok State Medical University) ;
  • Kovalev, Valeri V. (Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences)
  • Published : 2004.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacological effects of low-esterified pectin on carbon tetrachloride $(CCL_4)-induced$ hepatotoxicity in rats. The study included two experiments. In the first experiment the animals were given daily $CCL_4$ through gavage for 7 days and then 10, 50, or 250 mg/kg b.w. of pectin for 21 days. At the end of experiment rats were killed within 24 hours. The increased bilirubin level, enhanced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in plasma induced by $CCL_4$ were partly normalized by pectin administration in a dose-dependent manner. The pectin treatment also resulted in significant recovery of $CCL_4-induced$ decrease of the liver glycogen content. In addition, pectin significantly improved $CCL_4-induced$ alterations of pro-oxidant and antioxidant biochemical parameters in liver and plasma compared to those of rats administered $CCL_4$. In the second experiment the animals were given daily 10, 50 or 250 mg/ kg b.w. of pectin for 21 days before a 7-day administration of $CCL_4$. Rats were killed 24 hours after the end of experiment. Pretreatment with pectin before $CCL_4$ administration resulted in significantly inhibited increase of the blood enzymatic activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and bilirubin level in a dose-dependent manner. Also, preliminary administration of pectin prevented elevation of malondialdehyde and conjugated diene levels in liver and plasma as well as a reduction of glutathione content in liver of rats given $CCL_4$. These results suggest that low-esterified pectin exert healing and preventive effects on $CCL_4-induced$ hepatotoxicity in rats.

Keywords

References

  1. Afanasyev SP, Chirva VY, Kaceva GN, Kuhta EP, Panova EP. (1984) The modification of titrimetric methods of analysis of pectic substances. Khimia Prirodnykh soedinenii 4, 428-431 [in Russian].
  2. Anderson ME. (1985) Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in biological samples. Methods in Enzymology 113, 548-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(85)13073-9
  3. Bladergroen BA, Beynen AC, Geelen MJ. Dietary pectin lowers sphingomyelin concentration in VLDL and raises hepatic sphingomyelinase activity in rats. J. Nutr. 129, 628-633.
  4. Blumenkrantz S, Asboe-Haunsen C. (1973) New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids. Anal. Biochem. 54, 484-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(73)90377-1
  5. Boll M, Weber LWD, Becker E, Stampfl A. (2001) Mechanism of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatocellular damage by reactive carbon tetrachloride metabolites. J. Biosci. 56, 649-659.
  6. Corongiu FP, Banni S. (1994) Detection of conjugated dienes by second derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Methods in Enzymology 233, 303-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(94)33033-6
  7. Doherty J, Jackson AA. (1992) The effect of dietary pectin on rapid catch-up weight gain and urea kinetics in children recovering from severe under-nutrition. Acta paediatr. 81, 514-517. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12285.x
  8. Dongowski G. (1995) Influence of pectin structure on the interaction with bile acids under in vitro conditions. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A 201, 390-398. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01192740
  9. Dongowski G, Lorenz A, Anger H. (2000) Degradation of pectins with different degrees of esterification by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron isolated from human gut flora. App. Environm. Microbiol. 66, 1321-1327. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.4.1321-1327.2000
  10. Dongowski G, Walzel E, Ozierenski B, Stark C, Kroll J, Lorenz A. (1997) Effects of pectin and oligogalacturonic acids on excretion and incorporation of lead in subchronic lead exposed rats. In: Hartemink R. editor. Non-digestible oligosaccharides: healthy food for the colon? Graduate School VLAG, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 151.
  11. Gonzalez M, Rivas C, Caride B, Lamas MA, Taboada MC. (1998) Effect of orange and apple pectin on cholesterol concentration in serum, liver and faeces. J. Physiol. Biochem. 54, 99-104.
  12. Garcia-Diez F, Garcia-Mediavilla V, Bayon JE, Gonzalez-Gallego J. (1996) Pectin feeding influences fecal bile acid excretion, hepatic bile acid and cholesterol synthesis and serum cholesterol in rats. J. Nutr. 126, 1766-1771.
  13. Greenberg CG, Gaddock PR. (1982) Rapid single-step membrane protein assay. Clin. Chem. 28, 1725-1726.
  14. Groudeva J, Kratchanova MG, Panchev JN, Kratchanov CG. Application of granulated pectin in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A 204, 374-378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050093
  15. Heitman DW, Hardman WE, Cameron IL. (1992) Dietary supplementation with pectin and guar gum on l,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rat. Carcinogenesis 13, 815-818. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/13.5.815
  16. Hemmings SJ, Pulga VB, TraIl ST, Uwiera RRE. (2002) Differential inhibitory effects of carbon tetrachloride on the hepatic plasma membrane, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticular calcium transport systems: implications to hepatotoxicity. Cell Bioch. Funct. 20, 47-59. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.934
  17. Hensel A, Meier K. (1999) Pectins and xyloglucans exhibit antimutagenic activities against nitroaromatic compounds. Planta Med. 65, 395-399. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-1999-14013
  18. Hsieh TC, Wu JM. (1995) Changes in cell growth, cyclin/kinase, endogenous phosphoproteins and nm23 gene expression in human prostatic JCA-1 cells treated with modified citrus pectin. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 37, 833-841.
  19. Jocelyn PC. (1989) Spectrophotometric assay of thiols. Methods in Enzymology 143, 44-55.
  20. Khotimchenko YS, Kropotov AV, Khotimchenko MY. (2001) Pharmacological properties of pectins. Efferent. Therap. 4, 22-36 [in Russian].
  21. Kim S, Chung H, Cho J. (1996) Molecular mechanism for aklyl sulfide-modulated carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity: the role of cytochrome P4502E1, P4502B and glutation S-transpherase expression. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 277, 1058-1066.
  22. Knopp RH, Superko HR, Davidson M, Insull W, Dujovne CA, Kwiterovich PO, Zavoral JH, Graham K, OfConnor RR, Edelman DA. (1999) Long-term blood cholesterol-lowering effects of a dietary fiber supplement. Am. J. Prev. Med. 17, 18-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00039-2
  23. Kravtchenko TP, Pilnik A. (1990) A simplified method for the determination of the intrinsic viscosity of pectin solutions by classical viscosimetry. In: Phillips GO, Williams PA, Wedlock, editors. Gums and Stabilizers in the Food Industry 5, Oxford: IRL Press, 281-285.
  24. Levitt NS, Vink AI, Sive AA, Child PT, Jackson WPV. (1980) The effect of dietary fiber on glucose and hormone responses to a mixed meal in normal subjects and in diabetic subjects with and without autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 3, 505-519.
  25. May CD. (1990) Industrial pectins: sources, production and applications. Carbohydr. Polym. 12, 79-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(90)90105-2
  26. Morio LA, Chiu H, Sprowles KA, Zhou PH, Heck DE, Gordon MK, Laskin DL. (2001) Distinct roles of tumor necrosis facto-alpha and nitric oxide in acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacal. 172, 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.2000.9133
  27. Rabbani GH, Teka T, Zaman B, Majid N, Khatun M, Fuchs GJ. (2001) Clinical studies in persistent diarrhea: dietary management with green banana or pectin in Bangladesh children. Gastroenterology 121, 554-560. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2001.27178
  28. Reitman S, Frankel S. (1957) A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 28, 56-63. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56
  29. Ridley BL, O'Neill MA, Mohnen D. (2000) Pectins: structure, biosynthesis, and oligogalacturonide-related signaling. Phytochemistry 57, 929-967. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00113-3
  30. Rohn TT, Hinds TR, Vincenzi FF. (1993) Ion transport ATPases as targets for free radical damage. Biochem. Pharmacol. 46, 525-534. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(93)90530-A
  31. Schols HA, Voragen AGJ. (1996) Complex pectins: structure elucidation using enzymes. In: Pectins and pectinases. J. Visser and AG.J. Voragen (ed.), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 3-19.
  32. Sugiyama K, Puming H, Shingo W., Shigeru S. (1999) Teas and other beverages suppress D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats. J. Nutr. 129, 1361-1367. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/129.7.1361
  33. Terpstra AH, Lapre JA, de Vries HT, Beynen AC. (1998) Dietary pectin with high viscosity lowers plasma and liver cholesterol concentration and plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity in hamsters. J. Nutr. 128, 1944-1949. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/128.11.1944
  34. Thakur BR, Singh RK, Handa AK (1997) Chemistry and uses of pectin n a review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutrition 37, 47-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399709527767
  35. Thibault J-F, Renard CMGC, Axelos MAV, Roger P, Crepeau M-J. (1993) Studies of the length of homo-galacturonic regions in pectins by acid hydrolysis. Carbohydr. Res. 238, 271-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(93)87019-O
  36. Vergara-Jimenez M, Conde K, Erickson SK, Fernandez ML. (1998) Hypolipidemic mechanisms of pectin and psyllium in guinea pigs fed high fat-sucrose diets: alterations on hepatic cholesterol metabolism. J. Lipid Res. 39, 1455-1465.
  37. Yagy K. (1984) Assay for blood plasma or serum. In: Packer L, ed. Methods in enzymology. New-York: Academic Press, 105, 328-331.
  38. Yamaguchi F, Uchida S, Watabe S, Kojima H, Shimizu M, Hatanaka C. (1995) Relationship between molecular weights of pectin and hypocholesterolemic effects in rats. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 59, 2130-2131. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.2130

Cited by

  1. Gastroprotective Effect of Pectin Preparations Against Indomethacin-induced Lesions in Rats vol.2, pp.4, 2006, https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2006.471.476
  2. Lead Absorption and Excretion in Rats Given Insoluble Salts of Pectin and Alginate vol.25, pp.3, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1080/10915810600683291
  3. Inhibitory Effect of Yogurt Lactobacilli Bacteriocins on Growth and Verotoxins Production of Enterohemorrhgic Escherichia coli O157:H7 vol.9, pp.11, 2006, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.2112.2116
  4. Ecological Effect to the Status of the Indus Dolphin vol.9, pp.11, 2006, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.2117.2121
  5. Screening, Isolation and Characterization of Alkaline Protease Producing Bacteria from Soil vol.9, pp.11, 2006, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.2122.2126
  6. Lipid-lowering activity of low-esterified pectins in experimental ethanol-induced liver injury vol.35, pp.4, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063074009040117