Radiographic Evaluation of Coxofemoral Joints in the Jindo (Canis familiaris)

진도개의 고관절이형성에 대한 방사선학적 연구

  • 오석일 (진도군 진도개시험연구소) ;
  • 김상기 (전남대학교 생물공학연구소)
  • Published : 2003.12.01

Abstract

The pelvic radiographs of 47 clinically normal Jindoes (26 dogs and 21 bitches) were investigated to evaluate the coxofemoral joints, prospectively. The hip joints were graded according to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals criteria of excellent, good, fair, borderline, mild canine hip dysplasia (CHD), moderate CHD, severe CHD. Of the 47 Jindoes evaluated, 8 (17%) were graded as dysplastic, 3 (6.4%) were mildly dysplastic, 3 (6.4%) were moderately dysplastic, and 2 (4.3%) were severly dysplastic. Of the 39 Jindoes graded as normal, 16 (34%) were classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype, 15 (31.9%) were classified as having fair, and 8 (17%) were classified as good. Each hip joint was scored based on the British Veterinary Association/The Kennel Club hip scoring system. The normal hip joint (excellent, fair, good) received score less than 5, while dysplastic hip joint (mild, moderate, severe CHD) received score form 5 to 29. Norberg angle (r=0.76) and femoral angle of inclination (r=0.6) were in inverse proportion to grade of the hip joint (P<0.01). The width of medial joint space was in proportion to grade of hip joint (r=0.7, P<0.01).

Keywords

References

  1. Alexander JW. The pathogenesis of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Prac 1992; 22: 503-512
  2. Banfield CM, Bartels JE, Hudson JA, Wright JC, Hathcock JT, Montgomery RD. A retrospective study of canine hip dysplasia in 116 military working dogs. Part I: Angle measurement and Orthopedic Foundation for Animals(OFA) grading. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1996; 32: 413-422
  3. Banfield CM, Bartels JE, Hudson JA, Wright JC, Montgomery RD, Hathcock JT. A retrospective study of canine hip dysplasia in 116 military working dogs. PartII: Clinical signs and performance data. J Anim Hosp Assoc 1996; 32: 423-430
  4. Bennett RL, DeCamp CE, Flo GL, Hauptman JG, Stajich M. Kinematic gait analysis in dogs with hip dysplasia. Am J Vet Res 1996; 57: 966-971
  5. Bliss S, Todhunter RJ, Quaas R, Casella G, Wu R, Lust G, Williams AJ, Hamilton S, Dykes NL, Yeager A, Gilbert RO, Burton-Wurster N, Acland GM. Quantitative genetics of traits associated with hip dysplasia in a canine pedigree constructed by mating dysplastic Labrador Retrievers with unaffected Greyhounds. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63: 1029-1035 https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1029
  6. Corley EA, Keller GG, Lattimer JC, Ellersieck MR. Reliability of early radiographic evaluations for canine hip dysplasia obtained from the standard ventrodorsal radio-graphic projection. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211: 1142-1146
  7. Corley EA. Role of the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals in the control of canine hip dysplasi$\dot{a}$. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Prac 1992; 22: 579-593
  8. Fluckiger MA, Frieniich GA, Binder H. A radiographic stress technique for evaluation of coxofemoral joint laxity in dogs. Vet Surg 1999; 28: 1-9 https://doi.org/10.1053/jvet.1999.0001
  9. Fry TR, Clark DM. Canine hip dysplasia: Clinical signs and physical diagnosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Prac 1992; 22: 551-558
  10. Gibbs C. The BVA/KC scoring scheme for control of hip dysplasia: interpretation of criteria. Vet Rec 1997; 141: 275-284
  11. Hedhammar A, Olsson SE, Andersson SA, Persson L, Pettersson L, Olausson A, Sundgren PE. Canine hip dysplasia: Study of heritability in 401 litters of German Shepherd dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1979; 174: 1012-1016
  12. Henry AH. Radiographic development of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Prac 1992; 22: 559-578
  13. Heyman SJ, Smith GK, Cofone MA. Biomechanical study of the effect of coxofemoral positioning on passive hip joint laxity in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 210-215
  14. Kaneene JB, Mostosky UV, Padgett GA. Retrospective cohort study of changes in hip joint phenotype of dogs in the United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211: 1542-1544
  15. Kapatkin AS, Fordyce HH, Mayhew PD, Smith GK. Canine hip dysplasia: the disease and its diagnosis. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet. 2002; 24: 526-538
  16. Kapatkin AS, Mayhew PD, Smith GK. Genetic control of canine hip dysplasia. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet. 2002; 24: 681-687
  17. Kealy RD, Olsson SE, Monti KL, Lawler DF, Biery DN, Helms RW, Lust G, Smith GK. Effects of limited food consumption on the incidence of hip dysplasia in growing dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 201: 857-863
  18. Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, Lust G, Smith GK, Biery DN, Olsson SE. Five-year longitudinal study on limited food consumption and development of osteoarthritis in coxofemoral joint of dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210: 222-225
  19. Leighton E. Genetic of canine hip dysplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210: 1474-1479
  20. Lepp20. nen M, Saloniemi H. Controlling canine hip dysplasia in Finland. Prev Vet Med 1999; 42: 121-131 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(99)00059-8
  21. Lust G, Williams AJ, Burton-Wurster N, Pijanowski GJ, Beck KA, Rubin G, Smith GK. Joint laxity and its association with hip dyplasia in Labrador Rethevers. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 1990-1999
  22. Lust G. An overview of the pathogenesis of canine hip dysplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210: 1443-1445
  23. Ohlerth S, Lang J, Busato A, Gaillard C. Estimation of genetic population variables for six radiographic criteria of hip dysplasia in a colony of Labrador Retrievers. Am J Vet Res 2001; 62: 846-852 https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.846
  24. Puerto DA, Smith GK, Gregor TP, LaFond E, Conzemius MG, Cabell LW, McKelvie PJ. Relationships between results of the Ortolani method of hip joint palpation and distraction index, Norberg angle, and hip score in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 214: 497-501
  25. Reed AL, Keller GG, Vogt DW, Ellersieck MR, Corley EA. Effect of dam and sire qualitative hip conformation scores on progeny hip conformation. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 217: 675-68 https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.217.675
  26. Richardson DC. The role of nutrition in canine hip dysplasia. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Prac 1992; 22: 529-540
  27. Smith GK, Biery DN, Gregor TP. New concepts of coxofemoral joint stability and the development of a clinical stress-radiographic method for quantitating hip joint laxity in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 196: 59-70
  28. Wills MB. A review of the progress in canine hip dysplasia control in Britain. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997, 210: 1480-1482
  29. Wood JLM, Lakhani KH, Rogers K. Hentability and epidemiology of canine hip-dysplasia score and its components in Labrador retrievers in the United Kingdom. Prev Vet Med 2002; 55: 95-108 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(02)00090-9
  30. Wood JLN, Lakhani KH, Dennis R, Heritability and epidemiology of canine hip-dysplasia score in flat-coated retrievers and Newfoundlands in the United Kingdom. Prev Vet Med 2000; 46: 75-86 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(00)00140-9