DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Saengshik Supplementation on Health Improvement in Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemic Rats

고지혈증 유발 흰쥐에 있어서 생식의 건강개선효과

  • 강상모 (건국대학교 미생물공학과) ;
  • 심지영 (건국대학교 미생물공학과) ;
  • 황성주 ((주)이롬라이프 생명과학연구원) ;
  • 홍성길 ((주)이롬라이프 생명과학연구원) ;
  • 장혜은 ((주)이롬라이프 생명과학연구원) ;
  • 박미현 ((주)이롬라이프 생명과학연구원)
  • Published : 2003.08.01

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Saengshik supplementation on lipid metabolism in rats fed high cholesterol diets. Male Spraque-Dawley rats were administrated 1% cholesterol to induce hypercholesterolemia and were fed on diet containing Saengshik (30%, w/w). Serum and liver lipid profiles and fecal bile acids excretion were examined after 7 weeks of experimental diet. The feeding of diet containing 30% Saengshik significantly decreased total cholesterol (TC) contents in liver and plasma. Since cholesterol was balanced by entero-hepatic circulation through bile acid synthesis and reabsorption, inhibition of bile acid re-uptake in intestine decreases total cholesterol in liver and blood. In this point, significant increament of fecal bile acid excretion in Shaengshik group decreased TC and improved hypercholesterolemia. Also plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) decreasing risk for coronary heart disease in Saengshik supplemented group was significantly higher than control group, whereas low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) accumulation in arterial vessel wall was significantly lower than control group. In this result, we supposed that supplementation of Saengshik, uncooked natural food, may improve hypercholesterolemia through increment of cholesterol excretion.

4주간의 고지혈 유도식이를 섭취시킨 후 고지혈증 유도가 이루어진 실험 동물을 이용하여 생식 섭취로 인한 고지혈증 개선 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 고지혈 유도가 확인된 실험 동물에게 고지혈사료에 30% 생식을 혼합한 식이를 투여하였을 경우 혈중 콜레스테롤량을 약 37% 정도 감소시킨 것으로 나타났으며, 간조직중의 콜레스테롤 역시 약 28% 감소한 것으로 나타나 생식의 섭취가 체내의 콜레스테롤 농도를 낮추어 주는 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 체내 콜레스테롤 구성에 있어서도 관상동맥 질환을 억제하는 것으로 알려진 HDL-C의 함량은 대조군에 대비하여 생식 섭취군이 약 28%정도 증가되었으며, 동맥벽에 축적되어 관상동맥질환 발병과 연관관계가 높은 것으로 알려진 LDL-C의 함량을 약 39%정도 감소시킨 것으로 나타나 체내 콜레스테롤 수치의 저하와 더불어 콜레스테롤의 구성 양상에도 이로운 점을 제공한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 순환기계 질환 발병율을 나타내는 지표로 널리 이용되는 동맥경화지수와 심혈관위험지수를 산출한 결과 생식 섭취군은 대조군에 대비하여 동맥경화지수의 약 60%를 저하시켰으며, 심혈관위험지수 역시 약 56% 정도 저하시킨 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 생식 섭취는 체내 콜레스테롤의 농도를 저하시킴으로서 순환기계 질환의 위험도를 낮추는데 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Levy RI. 1991. Cholestrol, lipoprotein, apoproteins, and heart disease; present status and future prospecrs. Clin Chem 27: 653-657.
  2. Korean Statistical Association. 1994. Death of cause statiscal annual report.
  3. Mckenny JM. 2001. Lipid management: tools for getting to the goal. Am J Manag Care 7 (9suppl.): 299-306.
  4. Miettinen TA. 2001. Cholesterol absorption inhibition: a strategy for cholesterol-lowering therapy. Int J Clin Prat 55: 710-716.
  5. Lipid Research Clinics Program. 1984. The lipid research clinics coronary primary prevention trial results: II. The relationship of reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease to cholesterol lowering. JAMA 251: 365-374. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.251.3.365
  6. Brown GD, Whyte L, Gee MI. 1984. Effects of two “lipid-lowering” diets on plasma lipid levels of patients with peripheral vascular disease. J Am Diet Assoc 84: 546-550.
  7. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. 1982. Multiple risk factor intervention trial. Risk factor changes and motality results. JAMA 248: 14675-14677.
  8. Bligh EG, Dyer WJ. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J Biochem Physiol 37: 911-917. https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099
  9. Jordi-Folch M, Lees GH. Sloane S. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissies. J Biol Chem 226: 497-509.
  10. Scott M, Grundy EH, Ahrens Jr, Tatu AM. 1965. Quantitative isolation and gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of total fecal bile acids. J Lipid Res 6: 397-410.
  11. Tatu AM, Ahrens Jr, Scott MG. 1965. Quantitative isolation and gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of total diet and fecal neutral steroids. J Lipid Res 6: 411-424.
  12. Suedecor GW, Cochrane WG. 1967. Statistical methods. 6th ed. Iowa State University Press, Iowa.
  13. Jeong LY, Suh MJ, Song YS. 1996. Effects of dietary fibers on cholesterol metabolism in cholesterol fed rats. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 25: 392-398.
  14. Jang JY, Lee MK, Kim MJ, Cho SY. 1998. Effect of fiber on serum lipid metabolism in rats with dirt-induced cholesterolemia. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27: 1211-1216.
  15. Sanders TAB, Ellis FR, Dickerson JWT. 1976. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in vegans. Proc Natl Soc 36: 43A-47A.
  16. Burr ML, Bates AM, Leger AS. 1976. Plasma cholesterol and pressure in egetarians. J Human Nutr 35: 437-444.
  17. Lee E, Choi MY. 2000. Effects of pine needle on lipid composition and TBARS in rat fed high cholesterol. Kor J Sci Technol 32: 1186-1190.
  18. Sin MK, Han SH. 2001. Effects of methanol extracts from phaseolus vulgaris on serum lipid concentration in rats fed high fat and cholesterol diet. Kor J Food Sci Technol 33: 113-116.
  19. Jung KJ, Jung BM, Kim SB. 2001. Effects of porphyran isolated from laver, Porphyra yezoensis, on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic rats. Kor J Food Sci Technol 33: 633-640.
  20. Ebihara K, Schneeman BO. 1980. Interaction with bile acid, phospholipid, cholesterol and triglyceride with dietary fibers in the small intestine in the rat. Am J Clin Nutr 33: 2182-2188.
  21. Story JA, Kritchevsky D. 1976. Comparison of the binding of various bile acid and bile salts in vivo by several types of fiber. J Nutr 106: 1291-1295.
  22. Ide T, Horii M, Yamamoto T, Kawashima K. 1990. Contrasting effects of water-soluble and water-insoluble dietary fiber on bile acid conjugation and taurine metabolism in the rat. Lipid 25: 335-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02544343
  23. Anderson JW, Chen WL. 1979. Plant fiber, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism Am J Clin Nutr 32: 346-350.
  24. Venter CS, Vorster HH, Van der Nest DG. 1990. Comaprison between physiological effects of konjac-glucomannan and propionate in baboons fed “Western” diets. J Nutr 120: 1046-1050.
  25. Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Frieman GD. 1964. Risk factor in coronary heart disease: An evaluation of several serum lipid as predictors of coronary heart disease. The Framinghm Study. Ann Intern Med 61: 888-893. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-5-888
  26. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Dawber TR. 1981. Lipoprotein, cardiovascular disease and death the the Framinghan study. Arch Inter Med 141: 1128-1135. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.141.9.1128
  27. Stamles J, Wenlforth JD. 1986. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continous and grades?: Primary screens of multiple risk factor intervention trial (MEFIT). JAMA 256: 2853-2870.
  28. Kesaniemi YA, Tarpila S, Miettinen TA. 1990. Low vs high dietry fibers and serum, biliary and fecal lipids in middle men. Am J Clin Ntur 51: 1007-1011.
  29. Gilliland SE, Speck ML. 1976. Deconjugation of bile acids by intestinal Lactobacilli. Appl Environ Microbiol 33: 15-18.
  30. Simone R, Conti F, Lovati MR, Sirtori M, Cocuzza E, Sirtori CR. 1978. New microporous cholestyramine analog for treatment of hypercholesterolemia. J Pharm Sci 67: 1695-1698. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600671216
  31. Rosenfeld L. 1989. Lipoprotein analysis. Early methods in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113: 1101-1110.
  32. Assmann G, Schulte H, von Eckardstein A, Huang Y. 1996. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of coronary heart disease risk. The PROCAM experience and pathophysiological implications for reverse cholesterol transport. Atherosclerosis 124 (Suppl): S11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9150(96)05852-2

Cited by

  1. Effects of Mulberry Leaf Tea Fermented by Monascus pilosus on Body Weight and Hepatic Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Mouse Fed High-Fat Diet vol.26, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2013.26.1.066
  2. Effect of Garlic with Different Processing on Lipid Metabolism in 1% Cholesterol Fed Rats vol.37, pp.2, 2008, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.2.162
  3. Effects of Namhae Specialized Crops Water Extract on Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a Cholesterol Diet vol.27, pp.5, 2011, https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2011.27.5.599
  4. Effects of Portulaca oleracea Powder on the Lipid Levels of Rats Fed a Hypercholesterolemia Inducing Diet vol.16, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3746/jfn.2011.16.3.202
  5. Effects of natural raw meal (NRM) on high-fat diet and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6J mice vol.9, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2015.9.6.619
  6. Ameliorative effect of saltwort (Salicornia herbacea) extract on hepatic dysfunction and hyperlipidemia in rats vol.21, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-012-0044-y
  7. Effects of Chambirum on Radical Scavenging Activity and Serum Lipid Levels in Rats Fed Cholesterol vol.41, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.4.480
  8. Effect of partial gelatinization and retrogradation on the enzymatic digestion of waxy rice starch vol.43, pp.3, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2005.12.001
  9. Hempseed water extract ameliorates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice vol.21, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-012-0122-1
  10. Effects of the Red Garlic Extract for Anti-Obesity and Hypolipidemic in Obese Rats Induced High Fat Diet vol.21, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.2.211
  11. Effect of Garlic Enzymatic Hydrolysates and Natural Color Resource Composites on Lipid Metabolism in Rat Fed a High Fat Diet vol.25, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2015.25.6.663
  12. Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects ofOrostachys japonicusA. Berger extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats vol.5, pp.4, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2011.5.4.301
  13. Anti-obesity Effect of Monascus pilosus Mycelial Extract in High Fat Diet-induced Obese Rats vol.54, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2011.033
  14. Antioxidant activity and hepatic lipids improvement effects of Rubus coreanus in high-fat diet-fed rats vol.38, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7853/kjvs.2015.38.2.117
  15. Effects of Garlic Shoot Extract on Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Rats Fed a High-fat Diet vol.25, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2015.25.3.276
  16. Effects of Schizandra Cchinensis Fruit Extract on the Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipemia in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats vol.26, pp.2, 2011, https://doi.org/10.7841/ksbbj.2011.26.2.126
  17. Anti-Obesity Effect of Red Garlic Composites in Rats Fed a High Fat-Cholesterol Diet vol.22, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2012.22.5.671
  18. Five cases of Pruritus Gravidarum through treatment with Saengshik and Application of Hwangryunhaedok-tang on skin vol.27, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.6114/jkood.2014.27.4.251
  19. Effect of the Plants Mixture and Garlic Composition on Serum Lipid Level of Hypercholesterolemic Rats vol.20, pp.3, 2010, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2010.20.3.396
  20. The Effect of Black Garlic Extract on Lipid Metabolism in Restraint Stressed Rats vol.22, pp.11, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2012.22.11.1529
  21. The Effect of Extract Powder from Fresh and Black Garlic on Main Components in Serum and Organs of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats vol.23, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2013.23.3.432
  22. Effect of Black Garlic and Mugwort Extracts on Lipids Profile during Restraint Stress vol.42, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.4.577
  23. Effect of Black Garlic and Herb Formulas on Lipid Profiles and Antioxidant Status in Rats by Interval Running Training vol.23, pp.12, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2013.23.12.1436
  24. -Induced Mice and Increases Antioxidant Activity in Elderly Women vol.11, pp.2, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2007.549
  25. Effects of Functional Extracts Made from Fermented Plants on Serum Glucose and Lipids Level in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats vol.15, pp.3, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3746/jfn.2010.15.3.167
  26. Changes in Antioxidant and Nitrite Scavenging Activities of Angelica keiskei and Brassica loeracea var. acephala Vegetable Juices Treated with UV Irradiation during Storage vol.39, pp.8, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.8.1187
  27. Effects of Chicken Treated with Hwangki-Beni Koji Sauces on Body Weight, Serum and Hepatic Lipid Profiles of Rats Fed High Fat and High Cholesterol Diets vol.39, pp.9, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.9.1270
  28. Effects of Eco-friendly Squid (Todarodes pacificus) Liver and Grape Seed Oils on the Lipid Metabolism of Rats Fed High Cholesterol vol.48, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2014.48.6.341
  29. 생식의 섭취가 납중독 흰쥐의 피해 경감에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 vol.34, pp.7, 2005, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.7.959
  30. 매생이 추출물이 고콜레스테롤 식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향 vol.35, pp.4, 2003, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.4.402
  31. 참나물이 고콜레스테롤식이를 섭취한 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향 vol.35, pp.9, 2003, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.9.1151
  32. DSS로 유도된 염증성 장 질환 마우스 동물모델에서 생식이 장관 임파조직내 면역조절 기능에 미치는 영향 vol.36, pp.1, 2003, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.1.032
  33. 장기간의 생식 섭취가 성장기 흰쥐의 성장, 골밀도 및 혈중 IGF-1의 농도에 미치는 영향 vol.36, pp.4, 2003, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.4.439
  34. 생식조성이 정상성인의 혈당반응에 미치는 영향 vol.36, pp.12, 2007, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.12.1553
  35. 새송이 버섯파치 발효액의 급이가 돈육의 품질에 미치는 영향 vol.18, pp.11, 2003, https://doi.org/10.5352/jls.2008.18.11.1521
  36. 적송잎 추출물의 혈행 및 지질개선 효과 vol.19, pp.4, 2003, https://doi.org/10.5352/jls.2009.19.4.508
  37. 명월초, 여주 및 울금을 포함하는 돼지감자 복합물의 streptozotocin 유발 당뇨쥐에서 혈당강하 및 체내 지질개선에 미치는 영향 vol.28, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5352/jls.2018.28.6.671
  38. 임신성 피부질환의 한약 치료에 대한 국내 연구 동향 vol.33, pp.1, 2003, https://doi.org/10.15204/jkobgy.2020.33.1.059