서울시 우수관에서 채취한 도로변 퇴적물의 중금속오염의 공간적 변화

Spatial variability of heavy metal contamination of urban roadside sediments collected from gully pots in Seoul City

  • 이평구 (한국지질자원연구원 지질환경재해연구부) ;
  • 유연희 (전북대학교, 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 윤성택 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 신성천 (한국지질자원연구원 지질환경재해연구부)
  • 발행 : 2003.06.01

초록

In order 새 investigate the spatial and seasonal variations of heavy metal pollution in heavily industrialized urban area, urban roadside sediments were collected for five years from gully pots in Seoul City. A series of studies have been carried out concerning the physicochemical characteristics of the sediments in order to evaluate the contamination of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Roadside sediments and uncontaminated stream sediments were analyzed for total metal concentrations using acid extraction. The roadside sediments are characterized by very high concentrations of Zn (2,665.0$\pm$1,815.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g), Cu (445.6$\pm$708.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g), Pb (214.3$\pm$147.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g) and Cr (182.1$\pm$268.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g), indicating an artificial accumulation of these metals to the sediment chemistry. Comparing with average contents of uncontaminated stream sediments, roadside sediments were shown zinc 14 times (up to 64.4), copper 9 times (up to 181.7), lead 6 times (up to 63.7), cobalt 6 times (up to 168.7), nickel 4 times (up to 98.4), cadmium 2 times (up to 12.8) and chrome 2 times (up to 40.2) high content. The relative degree of heavy metal pollution for roadside sediments collected from each district in Seoul City is evaluated using the “geoaccumulation index”. As a result, heavy-metal contamination is highest centering the oldest residential district and industry area, and contamination level decreases as go to outer block of the city. The factor analysis results indicate that the levels of Cu, Ni, Fe and Cr are strongly related to numbers of factories, whereas the concentrations of Cr, Zn and Cd dependant on pollution index, indicating artificial contamination due to site-specific traffic density.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 전효택, 안주성, '수도권 위성도시의 토양과분진의 중금속 오염에 대한 연구',자원환경지질, 29(1),pp. 87-100(1996)
  2. Ellis J. B. and Revitt D. M, 'Incidencc of Heavy Metals in Street Surface Sediments : Solubility and Grain Size Studies', Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 17, pp87-100 (1982)
  3. Oberts, G. L., 'Magnitude and problems of non-point pollution from urban and urbanizing areas', In : V. Novotny(Ed.), Non-point pollution abatement symposium, Mnrquette University, USA, pp KIII-1-KIII-19 (1985)
  4. Hoffman, E. J., Latimer, J. S., Hunt, C. D., Mills, G. L. and Quinn, J. C., 'Stormwater runoff from highways', Water Air Soil Pollut., 25, pp. 349-364 (1985)
  5. Dempsey, B. A., Tai, Y. L. and Harrison, S. G., 'Mobilization and removal of contaminants associated with urban dust and dirt', Water Science and Technology, 28, pp. 225-230 (1993)
  6. Lee, P. K. and Touray, J. C., 'Characteristics of polluted artificial soil localized on a motorway border and effects of acidification on the leaching behavior of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd)', Water Research, 32, pp. 3425-3435 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00110-9
  7. Verbanck, M., 'Sewer sediment and its relation with the quality charactehstics of combined sewer flows', Wat. Sci. Tech., 22, pp. 247-257 (1990)
  8. Benoist, A. P. and Lijklema, L., 'Distribution of Sedimentation rates of suspended solids and heavy metals in Combined sewer overflows', Wat. Sci. tech., 22, pp. 61-68 (1990)
  9. Lee, P. K., Baillif, R, Touray, J. C. and Ildefonse, J. P., 'Heavy Metal Contamination of Settling Particles in a Retention Pond along the A-71 Motorway in Sologne, France', The Science of the Total Environment, 201, pp 1-15 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(97)84048-X
  10. 통계청, 서울시 통계연보(1990)
  11. Muller G., 'Schwermetalle in den Sedimenten des Rheins Verderungen seit', Umschau, 79, pp 778-783 (1979)
  12. Al-Shukry R., Serpaud B., Matejka G. and Caullet C., 'Sepeciation des Metaux Lourds dans les Sediments d'un Cours d'Eau en aval d'un Rejet Industriel', Environmental Technology, 13, pp. 129-140 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1080/09593339209385137
  13. 신성천, 이평구, 진명식, 홍영국, 박성원, 지세정, 이진수, 염승준, 환경지화학도 작성, 과학기술부, pp. 272(2000)
  14. 이평구, 윤성택, 이대하, 서울시 무기환경시스템의 환경지구화학 및 수리지질학적 연구, 한국과학재단, pp. 176(2002)
  15. Kemp A. L. W., Thomas R. L., Dell C. I. and Jaquet J. M., 'Cultural Impact on the Geochemistry of sediment in Lake Erie', J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 33, pp. 440-462 (1976) https://doi.org/10.1139/f76-065
  16. Kindler F. M. and Sevin H. E., 'Heavy metals in sediment of Turkish river systems. Natural background and anthropogenic effects', In Broekaert J.A.C. (ed), Metal Speciation in the Environment, Springer-VeiIag, pp. 601-611 (1990)
  17. 이평구, 이재영 '프랑스 A-71고속도로변 Retention pond의 기능 평가', 한국토양환경학회지, 2, pp. 73-81 (1997)
  18. Harrison, R. M., Laxen, D. P. and Wilson, S. J., 'Chemical Associations of Lead, Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc in Street Dusts and Roadside Soils', Environmental Science and Technology, 15, pp. 1378-1383 (1981) https://doi.org/10.1021/es00093a013
  19. Harrison R. M. and Wilson S. J., 'The Chemical Composition of Highway Drainage water: II. Chemical Associations ofMetals in the Suspended Sediment', The Science of Total Environment, 43, pp 79-87 (1985) https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90032-4
  20. Hewitt C. N. and Rashed M. B., 'An Integrated Budget for Selected Pollutants for a Major Rural Highway', The Science of Total Environment, 93, pp. 375-384 (1990) https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90128-H
  21. Lebreton L. and Thevenot D., 'Pollution metallique relargable par les aerosols d'origine autoroutiere', Environmental Technology, 13, pp 35-44 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1080/09593339209385126
  22. Colandini, V, Legret M., Brosseaud Y. and Balades J. D., 'Metallic pollution in clogging materials of urban porous pavements', Wat. Sci. Tech., 32, pp 57-62 (1995)
  23. Chon, H. T, Kim, K. W. and Kim, J. Y., 'Metal contamination of soils and dusts in Seoul metropolitan city, Korea', Environmentat Geochemistry and Health, 17, pp. 139-146 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00126082
  24. Yun, S. T, Choi, B. Y. and Lee, P. K., 'Distribution of Heavy Metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As) in Roadside Sediments, Seoul Metropolitan City, Korea', Environmental Technology, 21, pp. 989-1000 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1080/09593332108618045
  25. Pierson, W. R., Brachaczek, W. W., 'Particulate matter associated with vehicles on the road. II', Aerosol Science and Technology, 2, pp. 1-40 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1080/02786828308958610
  26. Lee, P. K., Baillif, P. and Touray, J. C., 'Geochemical behavior and relative rnobility of metals (Mn, Cd, Zn and Pb) in recent sediments of a retention pond along the A 71Motorway in Sologne, France', Environmental Geology, 32, pp. 142-152 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050203