A Study on Personality Types and Learning Styles of the Gifted in Mathematics and Sciences

초등학교 수학 및 과학 영재와 일반아동의 학습양식과 성격유형의 차이 연구

The purpose of this paper is to find the differences of personality types and learning styles of general students(69) and the gifted in mathematics(66) and sciences(66). 132 subjects, whose academic achievements are in top 1 % level in elementary schools, were selected from the gifted center of the university in Busan. MMTIC(Murphy-Meisgeir Type Indicator for Children) was used to classify personal style inventory(E-I, S-N, T-F and J-P). Adapted form of Grasha & Reichmann's learning style was used to classify 3 pairs: dependent-independent, competitive-collaborative, avoidant-participant. In this paper, we were mainly concerned with the differences of learning styles, and personal types of three groups according to as indices, functions and temperament. One of our results was that there were differences of personality types between general students and the gifted in mathematics and sciences according to as indices, functions and temperament. And there were differences of learning style between three groups according to as dependent-independent, and avoidant-participant.. The gifted in mathematics and sciences prefer to independent and participant learning style in comparison with general students. Finally, there were relation of personality types and learning styles. According to functions and temperament of MMTIC, SF (sensation-feeling) and NF(intuition-feeling) type students prefer to collaborative and participant styles in comparison with ST (sensation-thought) and NT(intuition-thought) type students. And NT(intuition-thought) type students prefer to avoidant styles in comparison with SF(sensation-feeling) and NF(intuition-feeling) type students.

본 연구는 수학 및 과학 영재 아동과 일반 아동의 성격유형과 학습양식의 차이를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 수학 및 과학 영재교육을 받고 있는 부산광역시 소재의 초등학교 5, 6학년 135명과 일반아동 66명을 대상으로 하여 MMTIC과 학습양식검사를 실시하였다. 성격유형의 분석은 선호지표와 기능별, 기질별 분포를 중심으로 하였고, 학습양식은 독립형, 의존형, 협동형, 경쟁형, 참여형, 회피형의 유형으로 분류되었다. 연구결과에 의하면, 수학 및 과학 영재 아동은 성격유형, 학습양식 그리고 성격유형에 따른 학습양식에서 큰 차이가 없었으나, 일반 아동과는 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 또한 연구대상의 성격유형에 따라 선호하는 학습양식에는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.