International Journal of Automotive Technology

The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers (한국자동차공학회)
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INVESTIGATION OF EMISSION RATES OF AMMONIA, NITROUS OXIDE AND OTHER EXHAUST COMPOUNDS FROM ALTERNATIVE- FUEL VEHICLES USING A CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER

  • Huai, T. (Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California) ;
  • Durbin, T.-D. (Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California) ;
  • Rhee, S.-H. (Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California) ;
  • Norbeck, J.-M. (Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California)
  • Published : 2003.03.01
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Abstract

Exhaust emissions were characterized for a fleet of 10 alternative-fuel vehicles (AFVx) including 5 compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. 3 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles and 2 85% methanol/15% California Phase 2 gasoline (M85) vehicles. In addition to the standard regulated emissions and detailed speciation of organic gas compounds, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to measure ammonia (NH$_3$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2$O) emissions. NH$_3$, emissions averaged 0.124 g/mi for the vehicle fleet with a range from <0.004 to 0.540 g/mi. $N_2$O emissions averaged 0.022 g/mi over the vehicle fleet with range from <0.002 to 0.077 g/mi. Modal emissions showed that both NH$_3$, and $N_2$O emissions began during catalyst light-off and continued as the catalyst reached its operating temperature. $N_2$O emissions primarily were formed during the initial stages of catalyst light-off. Detailed speciation measurements showed that the principal component of the fuel was also the primary organic gas species found in the exhaust. In particular, methane, propane and methanol composed on average 93%, 79%, and 75% of the organic gas emissions, respectively, for the CNG, LPG. and M85 vehicles.

Keywords

References

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