Health Promoting Lifestyle, Anxiety and Self-Esteem : Korean Immigrants in New York

뉴욕 거주 한국인의 불안, 자아존중감 및 건강증진 생활양식

  • Song, Hyo-Jeong (Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Cheju National University) ;
  • Baek, Hee-Chong (Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Inha University) ;
  • Kim, Myung-Ja (College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • 송효정 (제주대학교 의과대학 간호학과) ;
  • 백희정 (인하대학교 의과대학 간호학과) ;
  • 김명자 (가톨릭대학교 간호대학)
  • Published : 2002.06.01

Abstract

Objectives : To examine the relationships among health promoting lifestyle, anxiety, and self-esteem for korean immigrants in New York. Methods : The study included 425 adults aged 18 and over, who were chosen from Korean church and social organizations located in New York. The data were collected from April to July, 1996 using self-administered questionnaires. Data analyses were conducted using stepwise multiple regression, Pearson's correlation coefficients, 1-test, and ANOVA. Results : Health promoting lifestyle was significantly different by age, religion, occupation, and the length of residence. Those insured and those with no current medial diagnosis revealed significantly higher score in health promoting lifestyle than their counterparts. As for the level of anxiety, significant differences were found by educational level, marital status, occupation, income, and the length of residence. Self-esteem varied significantly by education, marital status, occupation, income, and the length of residence. Those with no current medical diagnosis and those insured experienced significantly higher level of self-esteem than their counterparts. Negative correlations were observed between health promoting lifestyle and anxiety. Perceived health status at present was positively correlated to perceived health status in the future. Health promoting lifestyle was significantly predicted by anxiety, age, and insurance. Conclusions : The above findings suggested that it is necessary to develop programs improving the perceived health status and lowering the level of anxiety. In this context, further researches on the relation between health promoting lifestyle and anxiety is required.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahijevych K, Bernhard L. Healthpromoting behaviors of African American women. Nurs Res 1994; 43(2): 86-89
  2. Heckler M. Report of the secretary' s task force on black and minority health : vol. 1. Executive summary (DHHS Publication). Washington, DC: US Government printing office, 1985
  3. Becker D, Hill D, Jackson J, Levine D, Stillman F, Weiss S. Health behaviour research in minority populations: Access, design, and implementation(NIH Publication No. 92-2965). Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992
  4. Leininger MM. Leininger' s theory of nursing: Cultural care diversity and universality. Nurs Sci Q 1988; 30: 152-160
  5. Kim U, Berry JW. Acculturation attitudes of Korean immigrants in Toronto. In from a different perspective: studies of behaviors across cultures. Swets-Zeitlinger: Lisse, 1985
  6. Pollara MH, Meleis AI. The stress of immigration and the daily lived experiences of Jordanian immigrant women in the United States. West J NUTS Res 1995; 17: 521-539 https://doi.org/10.1177/019394599501700505
  7. Duffy ME. Determinants of health promotion in midwife women. Nurs Res 1988; 37: 358-362
  8. Riffle KL, Yoho J, Sams J. Health-promoting behaviors, perceived social support, and self-reported health of appalachian elderly. Public Health Nurs 1989; 6: 204-211 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.1989.tb00598.x
  9. Weitzel MH, Waller PR. Predictive factors for health behaviors in white, Hispanics, and black blue-collar workers. Fam Community Health 1990; 13(1): 23-34 https://doi.org/10.1097/00003727-199005000-00005
  10. Pender NJ, Walker SN, Sechrist KR, Frank-Stromberg M. Predicting health-promoting lifestyle in the workplace. Nurs Res 1990; 39: 326-332
  11. Hanner ME. Factors related to promotion of health-seeking behaviors in the aged. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas, Austin, 1986
  12. Muhlenkamp AF, Sayles JA.Self-esteem, social support, and positive health practices.Nurs Res 1986; 35: 334-338
  13. Pender NJ. Health promotion in nursing practice. 2nd rev, ed. Norwalk, Conn : Appleton & Lange, 1987
  14. Walker SN, Sechrist KR, Pender NJ. The health-promoting lifestyle profile :development and psychometric characteristics. Nurs Res 1987; 136: 76-81
  15. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, California: Consulting psychologist press, 1970
  16. Kim JT, Shin DK. A study based on the standardization of the STAI for Korea. New Med J 1978; 21(11): 69-75 (Korean)
  17. Jon BJ. Self-esteem: A test of its measurability. Yonsei Nonchong 1974; 11: 107-124 (Korean)
  18. Laffrey. An exploration of adult health behaviors. West J Nurs Res 1990: 12: 434-447 https://doi.org/10.1177/019394599001200402
  19. Walker SN, Volkan K, Sechrist KR, Pender NJ. Health promoting lifestyles of older adults : comparisons with young and middle-aged adults, correlates and patterns. Adv Nur Sci 1988; 11: 76-90 https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-198810000-00008
  20. Lusk SL, Kerr MJ, Ronis DL. Healthpromoting lifestyles of blue-collar, skilled trade, and white-collar workers. Nurs Res 1995; 44: 20-24
  21. Speake DL, Cowart ME, Pellet K. Health perception and lifestyles of the elderly. Res Nurs Health 1989; 12: 93-100 https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770120206
  22. Kuster AE, Fong CM. Further psychometric evaluation of the Spanish language health-promoting lifestyle profile. Nurs Res 1993; 42: 266-269
  23. Hurh WM, Kim KC. Adhesive sociocul tural adaptation of Korean immigrants in the US : An alternative strategy of minority adaptation. Int Migration Rev 1990; 18: 188-216 https://doi.org/10.2307/2545947
  24. Lee SW. Correlation study between stress responses and life events as a stressor. J Korean Acad Nurs 1993; 23(2): 299-315 (Korean)
  25. Shin KR. Factors predicting depression among Korean-American women in New York. Int J Nurs Studies 1993; 30: 415-423 https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7489(93)90051-U
  26. Aroian KJ. A model of psychological adaption to migration and resettlement. Nurs Res 1990; 39: 5-10
  27. Lee MR. Determinants of health promoting lifestyle of college students. J Korean Acad Nurs 1997; 27(1): 156-168 (Korean)
  28. Sohng KY, Cho OH, Moon JS, Chaung SK. A comparative study on health promoting lifestyle patterns, self-esteem, and self-efficacy between Korean elderly and Korean-American elderly. J Kor Community Health Nurs Acad Soc 2000; 14(2): 355-371 (Korean)