References
- Baker, E. A. (1980) Effect of cuticular components on foliar penetration. Pestic. Sci. 11:367-370
- Baker, E. A., G.M. Hunt, and P. J. G. Stevens (1983) Studies of plant cuticle and spray droplet interactions: A fresh approach. Pestic. Sci. 14:645-658
- Bauer, H. and J. Schonherr (1992) Determination of mobilities of organic compounds in plant cuticles and correlation with molar volumes. Pestic. Sci. 35:1-11
- Baur, P., B. T. Grayson, and J. Schonherr (1996) Concentration-dependent mobility of chlorfenvinphos in isolated plant cuticles. Pestic. Sci. 47:171-180
- Baur, P., B. T. Grayson, and J. Schonherr (1997) Polydisperse ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants as accelerators of cuticular penetration. 1. Effects of ethoxy chain length and the size of the penetrants. Pestic. Sci. 51:131-152
- Baur, P., H. Morzouk, J. Schonherr, and Bauer, H. (1996) Mobilities of organic compounds in plant cuticles as affected by structure and molar volumes of chemicals and plant species. Planta. 199:404-412
- Baur, P., J. Schonherr, and B. T. Grayson (1999) Polydisperse ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants as accelerators of cuticular penetration. 2. Separation of effects on driving force and mobility and reversibility of surfactant action. Pestic. Sci. 55:831-842
- Buick, R. D., R. Bruce, and R. J. Field (1992) A mechanistic model to describe organosilicone surfactant promotion of triclopyr uptake. Pestic. Sci. 36:127-133 https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780360208
- Cook, G. T., A. G. T. Baker, and H. J. Duncan (1977) Penetration of bean leaves by aminotriazole as influenced by adjuvants and humidity. Pestic. Sci. 8:137-146
- De Luiter, H., K. Staatman, and E. Meinen (1993) The influence of a fatty amine surfactant on foliar absorption and translocation of the trolamine salt and iso-octyl sters of 2,4-D. Pestic Sci. 38:145-154
- Field, R. J. and N. G. Bishop (1988) Promotion of stomatal infiltration of glyphosate by an organosilicone surfactant reduces the critical rainfall period. Pestic. Sci. 24:55-62
- Freed, V. H. and M. Montgomery (1958) The effect of surfactants on foliar absorption of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Weeds 6:386-389 https://doi.org/10.2307/4040232
- Grayson, B. T., D. M. Batten, and D. Walter (1996a) Adjuvant effects on the therapeutic control of potato late blight by dimethomorph wettable powder formulations. Pestic. Sci. 46:355-359
- Grayson, B. T., J. D. Webb, D. M. Batten, and D. Edwards (1996b) Effect of adjuvants on the therapeutic activity of dimethomorph in controlling vine downy mildew. I. Survey of adjuvant types. Pestic. Sci. 46:199-206
- Grayson, B. T., S. L. Boyd, and D. Walter (1995) Reinvestigating adjuvants for the wild oat herbicide, flamprop-M-isopropyl. I: glasshouse trials. Pestic. Sci. 43:147-155
- Grayson, B. T., S. L. Boyd, and D. Walter (1996c) Effect of adjuvants on the therapeutic activity of dimethomorph in controlling vine downy mildew. II. Adjuvant mixtures, outdoor-hardened vines and one-pack formulations, Pestic. Sci. 46:207-213
- Holloway, P. J. (1982) Structure and histochemistry of plant cuticular membranes: an overview. pp.1-32, in The Plant Cuticle (ed. D. F. Cutler, K. L. Alvin & C. E. Price), Linnean Society Symposium Series No. 10, Academic Press, London
- Holloway, P. J. and B. M. Edgerton (1992) Effect of formulation with different adjuvants on foliar uptake of difenzoquat and 2,4-D: model experiments with wild oat and field bean. Weed Res. 32:183-195
- Holloway, P. J. and D. Stock (1990) In Industrial Applications of Surfactants II. pp.303-337, (ed. D.R. Karsa), Special Publication No. 77, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge
- Jansen, L. L. (1964) Surfactant enhancement of herbicide entry. Weeds 28:251-255
- Jansen, L. L., W. A. Gentner, and W. C. Shaw (1961) Effect of surfactants on the herbicidal activity of several herbicides in aqueous spray systems. Weeds 9:381-405, and reference there in
- Kerler, F., and J. Schonherr (1988a) Accumulation of lipophilic chemicals in plant cuticles: Prediction from octanol/water partition coefficients. Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol. 17:1-6
- Kerler, F. and J. Schonherr (1988b) Permeation of lipophilic chemicals across plant cuticles: Prediction from octanol/water partition coefficients and molecular volumes. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 17:7-12
- Kirkwood, R. C. (1991) In Target sites for Herbicide Action. pp.219-243, (ed. R. C. Kirkwood), Plenum Press, New York
- Kirkwood, R. C. (1993) Use and mode of action of adjuvants for herbicides: A review of some current work. Pestic. Sci. 38:93-102
- Kirkwood, R. C., H. Knight, I. McKay, and J. P. N. R. Chandrasena (1992) In Adjuvants for Agrichemicals. pp.117-126, (ed. C. L. Fay), CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL
- Knoche, M. and M. J. Bukovac (2000) Spray application factors and plant growth regulator performance : Ill. Interaction of daminozide uptake, translocation and phytotoxicity in bean seedlings. Pest Manag Sci. 56:43-48
- Laerke, P. E. and J. C. Streibig (1995) Foliar absorption of some glyphosate formulations and their efficacy on plant. Pestic. Sci. 44:107-116
- Maclsaac, S. A., R. N. Paul, and M. D. Devine (1991) A scanning electron microscope study of glyphosate deposits in relation to foliar uptake. Pestic. Sci. 31:53-64
- McWhorter, C. G. (1982) The use of adjuvants. In Adjuvants for Herbicides, ed. R. H. Hodgson. Published by the Weed Science Society of America, Champaign, Illinois. pp.10-25
- Murphy, M. W., M. L. Craven, and B. T. Grayson (1995) Reinvestigating adjuvants for the wild oat herbicide, flamprop-M-isopropyl. II : Field performance. Pestic. Sci. 43:157-162
- Nasseta, M., M. V. Remedi, and R. H. De Rossi (1991) Effect of surfactants on the solubility of herbicides. J. Agric. Food Chem. 39:1175-1178
- Otsuji, K. (1986) Effects of surfactants on the foliar absorption of maleic hydrazide. J. Pestic. Sci. 11:387-392
- Roggenbuck, F. C., D. Penner, R F. Burow, and B.Thomas (1993) Study of the enhancement of herbicide activity and rainfastness by an organosilicone adjuvant utilizing radilabelled herbicide and adjuvant. Pestic. Sci. 37:121-125
- Schonherr, J. (1993a) Effects of monodisperse alcohol ethoxylates on mobility of 2,4-D in isolated cuticles. Pestic. Sci. 38:155-164
- Schonherr, J. (1993b) Effects of alcohols, glycols and monodisperse ethoxylated alcohols on mobility of 2,4-D in isolated plant cuticles. Pestic. Sci. 39:213-223
- Schonherr, J. and M. Riederer (1988) Desorption of chemicals from plant cuticles: evidence for asymmetry. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17:13-19
- Schonherr, J., and P. Baur (1994) Modelling penetration of plant cuticles by crop protection agents and effects of adjuvants on their rates of penetration. Pestic. Sci. 42:185-208
- Schonherr, J., and M. Riederer (1989) Foliar penetration and accumulation of organic chemicals. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 108:1-70
- Schonherr, J., M. Riederer, L. Schreiber, and H. Bauer (1991) In Pesticide Chemistry, Advances in International Research, Development and Legislation. pp.237-253, (ed. H. Frchse), VCH, Weimheim
- Schreiber, L. (1995) A mechanistic approach towards surfactant/wax interactions: Effects of octaethyleneglycohmonododecylether on sorption and diffusion of organic chemicals in reconstituted cuticular wax of barley leaves. Pestic. Sci. 45:1-11
- Schreiber, L., M. Riederer, and K. Schorn (1996) Mobilities of organic compounds in reconstituted cuticular wax of barley leaves: Effects of monodisperse alcohol ethoxylates on diffusion of pentachlorophenol and tetracosanoic acid. Pestic. Sci. 48:117-124
- Schreiber, L. and J. Schonherr (1992) Analysis of foliar uptake of pesticides in barley leaves: role of epicuticular waxes and compartmentation. Pestic. Sci. 36:213-221
- Stevens, P. J. G. and E. A. Baker (1987) Factors affecting the foliar absorption and redistribution of pesticides. 1. Properties of leaf surfaces and their interactions with pray droplets. Pestic. Sci. 19:265-281
- Stevens, P. J. G., E. A. Baker, and N. H. Anderson (1988) Factors affecting the foliar absorption and redistribution of pesticides. 2. Physicochemical properties of the active ingredient and the role of surfactant. Pestic. Sci. 24:31-53
- Stevens, P. J. G. and M. J. Bucovac (1987a) Studies on octylphenoxy surfactants. Part 1: Effects of oxyethylene content on properties of potential relevance to foliar absorption. Pestic. Sci. 20:19-35
- Stevens, P. J. G. and M. J. Bukovac (1987b) Studies on octylphenoxy surfactants. Part 2: Effects on foliar uptake and translocation. Pestic. Sci. 20:37- 52
- Stevens, P. J. G., R. E. Gaskin, S.-O. Hong, and J. A. Zabkiewiez (1991) Contributions of stomatal infiltration and cuticular penetration to enhancements of foliar uptake by surfactants. Pestic. Sci. 33:371-382
- Stock, D., B. M. Edgerton, R. E. Gaskin, and P. J. Holloway (1992) Surfactant-inhanced foliar uptake of some organic compounds: Interractions with two model polyoxyethylene alipatic alcohols. Pestic. Sci. 34:233-242
- Stock, D. and P. J. Holloway (1993) Possible mechanisms for surfactant-induced foliar uptake of agrochemicals. Pestic. Sci. 38:165-177
- Tan, S. and G. D. Crabtree (1994) Cuticular penetration of 2,4-D as affected by interaction between a diethyleneglycol monooleate surfactant and apple leaf cuticles. Pestic. Sci. 41:35-39
- Temple, R. E. and H. W. Hilton (1963) The effect of surfactants on the water solubility of herbicides, and the foliar phytotoxicity of surfactants. Weeds 11:297-300 https://doi.org/10.2307/4040537
- Tenberge, K. B. (1992) Ultrastructure and development of the outer epidermal wall of spruce (Picea abies) needles. Can. J. Bot. 70:1467-1487
- Tyree, M. T., and T. Scherbatskoy, and C. A. Tabor (1990) Leaf cuticles behave as asymmetric membranes: Evidence from the measurement of diffusion potentials. Plant Physiol. 92:103-111
- Van Valkenburg, J. W. (1982) Terminology, classification and chemistry. In Adjuvants for Herbicides, ed. R. H. Hodgson. Published by the Weed Science Society of America, Champaign, Illinois. pp.1-9
- Yu, J-H., H-K. Lim, G-J. Choi, K-Y. Cho, and J-H. Kim (2001) A new method for assessing foliar uptake of fungicides using Congo Red as a tracer. Pest Manag. Sci. 57:564-569
- 日本農藥學會 (19990) 葉面からの吸收. In 農藥の散布と付着 (ed 日本植物防疫協會) Tokyo. pp.128-130