Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Quantitative Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Sewage Sludge by Gas Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

가스크로마토그래피-이온트랩질량분석법을 이용한 하수슬러지 중 다핵방향족탄화수소(PAHs) 함량 분석

  • 남재작 (농업과학기술원 환경생태과) ;
  • 소규호 (농업과학기술원 환경생태과) ;
  • 박우균 (농업과학기술원 환경생태과) ;
  • 조남준 (농촌진흥청 연구관리국) ;
  • 이상학 (경북대학교 화학과)
  • Published : 2002.04.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) content in sewage sludge was determined by gas chromatography linked to ion trap mass spectrometry(GC/ITMS) with five deuterated PAHs as internal standards. The minimum detection limit was from 1.66 to 7.14 pg for individual PAH by GC/ITMS. For determining total PAHs(∑PAH) in sewage sludge 84 samples from 74 waste water treatment plants in whole country were analyzed. The average content of ∑PAH far whole samples was 3,289$\pm$3,098 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, and ranged from 142 to maximum 20,102 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. According to the number of population of the city, the areas were classified as five regions, ie. big, large, middle, small, and rural area in which the waste water treated plants were grown. The contents of PAHs were 4,689$\pm$5,503, 5,839$\pm$6,401, 3,725$\pm$2,053, 2,237$\pm$2,069, and 2,475$\pm$1,489 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, in big, large, middle, small, and rural area, respectively.

Keywords

References

  1. 환경부， 2000， 환경통계연감
  2. Song, J.C., M.J. Yu and D.M. Kim, 1986, A study on the composting of sewage sludge, J. Kor. Solid Wastes Engineering Society, 3(2), 121-129
  3. Han, E.J., H.G. Choi, J.A. Lee, K.Y. Kim, C.K. Lee, K.H. Park and C.G. Phae, 2000, Investigation on possibility of composting by properties analysis of organic sludge composts, J. of KOWREC, 8(1), 109-120
  4. Phae, C.G., J.K. Cho, N.H. Kwak and D.W. Kim, 1998, A study on the evaluation of optimum treatment by analysis of sewage sludge properties, J. Kor. Solid Wastes Engineering Society, 15(3), 252-260
  5. 농림부， 1998, 비료공정규격， 농림부 고시 제1998-39호
  6. EPA, 1992, Technical support document for land application of sewage sludge, EPA 822/R-93-001b
  7. Goodin， J. D., and M. D. Webber, 1995, Persistence and fate of anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene in municipal sludge treated soil, J. Environ. Qual., 24, 271-278 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400020009x
  8. Wild, S. R., K. C. Jones, 1992, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon uptake by carrots grown in sludge-amended soil, J. Environ. Qual., 21, 217-225 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100020010x
  9. Smith, K. E. C., M. Green, G. O. Thomas and K. C. Jones, 2001, Behavior of sewage sludge-derived PAHs on pasteur, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 2141-2150 https://doi.org/10.1021/es000178l
  10. Schnaak, W., T. H. Kuchler, M. Kujawa, K. P. Henchel, D. SuBenbach and R. Donau, 1997, Organic contaminants in sewage sludge and their ecotoxicological significance in the agricultural utilization of sewage sludge, Chemosphere, 35, 5-11 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(97)88285-9
  11. Goosmann, G., 1989, World water, 111-115pp
  12. Keith, L. H., 1997, Environmental endocrine disrupters, A handbook of property data, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 4pp
  13. Roy, J., 1997, Environmental contaminants encyclopedia, PAHs entry, National Park Service, Colorado, USA.
  14. Sims, R.C., and M. R. Overcash, 1983, Fate of polynuclear aromatic compounds in soilplant systems, Residue. Rev., 88, 1-68
  15. Freeman, D. J., and F. C. R. Catteil, 1990, Woodburning as source of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 1581-1585 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00080a019
  16. Jones, K. C., J. A. Stratford, K. S. Waterhouse, E. T. Furlong, W. Giger, R. A. Hites, C. Schaffner and A. E. Johnston, 1989, Increases in the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of an agricultural soil over the last century, Environ. Sci. Technol., 23(1), 95-101 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00178a012
  17. Bumpus, J. A., 1989, Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55(1), 154-158
  18. Chiu, C.P., Y. S. Lin and B. H. Chen, 1997, Comparison of GC-MS and HPLC for overcoming matrix interferences in the analysis of PAHs in smoked food, Chromato-graphia, 44, 497-504 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02466743
  19. US EPA, 1996, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846, Method 8270C: Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) , Washington, DC, USA.
  20. US EPA, 1996, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846, Method 3540C: Soxhlet Extraction
  21. US EPA, 1996， Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846, Method 3630C: Silica gel cleanup.
  22. Mazzera, D., T. Hayes, D. Lowenthal and B. Zielinska, 1999, Quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil at McMurdo station, antarctica, The Science of the Total Environment, 229, 65-71 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00065-0
  23. Kim, J. H., 2000, Analysis for 16 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sewage sludge and soil, Analytical Science & Technology(Korea), 13(3), 357-367
  24. Wield, S. R., S. P. McGrath and K. C. Jones, 1990, The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content of archived sewage sludges. Chemosphere, 20, 703-716 https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(90)90161-L
  25. Yang, S. Y. N., D. W. Connell, D. W. Hawker and S. I. Kayal, 1991, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air, soil, and vegetation in the vicinity of an urban road- way, The Science of the Total Environment, 102, 229-240 https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(91)90317-8