Affecting Factors of Homebound Bedridden Elderly′s Depression

재가 와상 노인의 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인

  • 김인자 (대전대학교 간호학과) ;
  • 김금순 (서울대학교 간호대학) ;
  • 서문자 (서울대학교 간호대학) ;
  • 조남옥 (한국방송통신대학교 보건과학과)
  • Published : 2002.10.01

Abstract

It was identified that how many homebound bedridden elderlies and their primary caregivers were depressed, and which factors affected the bedridden elderly's depression. Method: The subjects were 191 homebound bedridden elderlies and their primary caregivers. The affecting factors were classified into two categories : bedridden elderly and their primary caregiver related factors. Then bedridden elderly's factors were classified demographic and disease-related factors again. The stepwise regression was used to identify significant factors. Result: The prevalence of bedridden elderly's and caregiver's depression was 77.8% and 67.0%, respectively. And the model explained 33.3% of variance of bedridden elderly's depression. Cognitively-impaired female elderlies who had depressed caregivers were found to be more depressed. And caregivers who perceived burden were identified to be more depressed. Conclusion: It is recommended that the health professionals need to identify bedridden elderlies and caregivers at risk of depression. Especially elderlies who is in poor cognition, those who are female, and those whose caregivers were depressed might be considered carefully in all counseling or follow-up. Also the primary caregivers must be helped to access already available formal and informal support.

Keywords

References

  1. Andersen, G., Vestergaard, K., Ingermann N.M., & Lauritzen L. (1995). Risk factors for post-stroke depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 92(3), 193-8
  2. Astrom, M, Adolfsson, R, & Asplund K. (1993). Major depression in stroke patients. A 3-year longitudinal study. Stroke, 24(7), 976-82
  3. Bugge, C., Alexander, H, & Hage, S. (1999). Stroke patients' informal caregivers: Patient, caregiver, and service factors that affect caregiver strain. Stroke, 30, 1517-1523
  4. Clyburn, L. D., Stones, M. J., Hadjistavropoulos, T., & Tuokko, H. (2000). Predicting caregiver burden and depression in Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 55(1), S2-13
  5. Dennis, M., O'Rourke, S., Lewis, S., Sharpe, M., & Warlow, C. (1998). A quantitative study if the emotional outcome of people caring stroke survivors. Stroke, 29, 1867-1872
  6. Dittmar, S. S., Gresham, G. E., & Granger, C. V. G. (1997). Functional Assessment and outcome measures for the rehabilitation health professionals. Maryland: Aspen Pub
  7. Flaherty, J. H, Miller, D. K, Coe, R M (2000). Impact on caregivers of supporting urinary function in noninstitutionalized, chronically ill seniors. Gerontologist, 32(4), 541-5
  8. Jun, G. G., & Lee, M. K. (1992). Korean Adaptation of the State-Trait Depression Inventory: I. J Korean Psychol Res: Clin, 11, 65-76
  9. Keefe, F. J., Brown, G. K, Wallston, K. A, Caldwell, D. S. (1989). Coping with rheumatoid arthritis pain: catastrophizing as a maladaptive strategies. pain, 37, 51-56 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(89)90152-8
  10. Kim, I., Suh, M. J., Kim, K. S., Cho, N. O., & Choi, H. J. (2000). Predicting factors of post-stroke depression. J Korean Adult Nurs, 12(1), 147-162
  11. Kim, K. S., Suh, M. J., Cho, N. O., & Kim, I. (2001). Development of an urban community based comprehensive service model for bedridden elderly. J Korean Acad Nurs, 31(4), 656-668
  12. Korea Institute of Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). (1988). Survey on elderly who are living alone
  13. Lee, C. S., & Shin, S. C. (1993). Standardization of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) in Korea. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc, 32(6), 955-961
  14. Lee, E. O., Suh, M, Kim, I., Kang, H. S., Kim, M. S., Kim, M. J., Kim, Y. J., Park, S. Y., Park, I., Park, J., Bae, Y., So, H. Y., Song, K. A., Eun, Y., Lee, E. N., Lee, I. S., Lim, N. Y., & Han, J. S. (1996). Relationship among self-efficacy, pain, depression, and ADL in chronic arthritis. J of Rheumatol Health, 3(2), 194-208
  15. Montgomery, R, Stull, D., & Borgatta, E. (1985). Measurement and the analysis of burden Res Aging, 7, 137-152
  16. Morris, P. L., Robinson R. G., Raphael, B., & Bishop, D. (1991). The relationship between the perception of social support. Psychiatry, 54(3), 306-16
  17. Nicassio, P. M, Schofeld-Smith, K, Radojevic, V., & Schuman, C. (1995). Pain coping mechanism in fibromyalgia: relationship to pain and functional outcome. J Rheumatol, 22(8), 1552-1558
  18. OASIS (2000). Tender loving care. Staff Builders TLC123(08/00)
  19. Paradiso, S., Robinson, R G. (1998) Gender differences in post-stroke depression J Neuropsychiatry clin Neurosci, 10(1), 41-7
  20. Parikh, R. M., Lipsey, J. R., Robinson, R. G., & Price, T. R (1988). A two year longitudinal study of post-stroke mood disorders: prognostic factors related to one and two year outcome Int J Psychiatry, 18(1), 45-56
  21. Radloff, L.S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Measure, 1(3), 365-411
  22. Robinson, R, Morris, P. L., & Raphael, B. (1992). Clinical depression is associated with impaired recovery from stroke. Med J Aust, 157(4), 239-42
  23. Robinson, R G., Bolla-Wilson, K, Kaplan, E., Lipsey J. R, & Price, T. R (1986). Depression influences intellectual impairment in stroke patients. Br J Psychiatry, 148, 541-547 https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.148.5.541
  24. Sharpe, M, Hawton, K, Seagroatt, V., Bamford, J., House, A, Molyneux, A, Sandercock, P., & Warlow, C. (1994). Depressive disorders in long-term survivors of stroke. Associations with demographic and social factors, functional status, and brain lesion volume. Br J Psychiatry, 164(3), 380-6
  25. Sisk, R. J. (2000). Caregiver burden and health promotion. Int J Nurs Stud, 37, 37-43 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7489(99)00053-X
  26. Starkstein, S. E., Robinson, R G., Berthier, M. L, Parikh, R. M, & Price, T. R (1988). Differential mood changes following basal ganglia vs thalamic lesions. Arch Neurol, 45(7), 725-30
  27. Wade, D. T., Legh-Smith, J., & Hewer, R. L. (1986). Effects of living with and looking after survivors of stroke. Br Med J, 293, 418-420 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.293.6544.418
  28. Willer, B., ROttenbacher, K. J., & Coad, M L. (1994). The Community Integration Questionnaire. American Journal of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 73(2), 103-11
  29. Wolfe, F., & Hawley, D. J. (1993). The relationship between clinical activity and depression in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol, 20(12), 2032-2037
  30. Zarit, S. H, Reever, K E., Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feeling of burden. Gerontologist, 20, 649-655