Animal cells and systems

  • 제6권4호
  • /
  • Pages.327-333
  • /
  • 2002
  • /
  • 1976-8354(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2151-2485(eISSN)
한국통합생물학회 (The Korean Society for Integrative Biology)
권호 표지

Fine Structure of the Glandular Epithelium during Secretory Silk Production in the Block Widow Spider Latrodectus mactans

  • Moon, Myung-Jin (Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University) ;
  • Tillinghast, Edward-K.
  • 발행 : 2002.12.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Among the silk glands in the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans, the ampullate one is the most predominant gland in both sexes, and is com-posed of three functional parts - excretory duct, storage ampulla and convoluted tail regions. This experiment was performed using mechanical pulling stimulation with electric motor equipment to reveal a correlation between silk usage and silk producing system in this poisonous spider. The mature secretory products in glandular epithelium are closely packed and appear as electron-opaque spherical vesicles. A part of the vesicles with fine fibrillar paracrystalline texture seems to store some proteins which will function at the time of final assembly into fibrils. Most of the secretory silk products which originated from the rough endoplasmic reticula of the glandular epithelial cells are grown by fusion with surrounding small vesi-cles. However, the Golgi complex does not seem to play an important role in this process of secretion. According to progressive maturation of secre-tory silk product, these granules are progressively filled with a fine fibrillar material, and thus appear much more electron-dense than those of earlier states. When the secretory product is extruded from the glandular cavity, the epithelium is rapidly changed to a thinner layer of tall columnar cells with less definitive cell membranes. After extruding there ave a few secre-tory droplets within these cells, thus causing this region to stain much lighter.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Andersen SO (1970) Amino acidic composition of spider silks. Comp Biochem Physiol 35: 705-713 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-406X(70)90988-6
  2. Bell AL and Peakall DB (1969) Changes in fine structure during silk protein production in the ampullate gland of the spider Araneus sericatus. J Cell Biol 42: 284-295 https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.42.1.284
  3. Bettini S and Maroli M (1978) Venoms of Theridiidae, genus Latrodectus. In: Bettini S (ed), Arthropod Venoms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 149-185
  4. Bucherl W (1971) Spiders. In: Bucherl W and Buckley EE (eds), Venomous Animals and Their Venoms. Academic Press, New York, pp 197-277
  5. Candelas GC and Cintron J (1981) A spider (Nephila clavipes) fibroin and its synthesis. J Exp Zool 216: 1-6 https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402160102
  6. Candelas GC and Lopez F (1983) Synthesis of fibroin in the cultured glands of Nephila clavipes. Comp Biochem Physiol B 74: 637-642 https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(83)90242-0
  7. Coddington J (1986) The monophyletic origin of the orb web. In: Shear WA (ed), Spider Webs and Spider Behavior. Stanford University Press, pp 319-363
  8. Foelix RF (1982) Biology of Spiders. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 109-147
  9. Frontali N, Granata F, and Parisi P (1972) Effects of black widow spider venom on acetylcholine release from rat cerebral cortex slices in vitro. Biochem Pharmacal 21: 969-974 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(72)90401-7
  10. Gosline JM, Denny MW, and DeMont ME (1984) Spider silk as rubber. Nature 309: 551-552 https://doi.org/10.1038/309551a0
  11. Groome JR, Townley MA, de Tschaschell M, and Tillinghast EK (1991) Detection and isolation of proctolin-like immunoreactivity in arachnids: possible cardioregulatory role for proctolin in the orb-weaving spiders Argiope and Araneus. J Insect Physiol 37: 9-19 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(91)90013-P
  12. Kaplan D (1998) Fibrous proteins: silk as a model system. Polymer Degrad Stab 59: 25-32 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(97)00000-1
  13. Knight DP and Vollrath F (1999) Hexagonal columnar liquid crystal in the cells secreting spider silk. Tissue Cell 31: 617-620 https://doi.org/10.1054/tice.1999.0076
  14. Kovoor J (1977) Donnees histochimiques sur les glandes sericigenes de la veuve noire Latrodectus mactans Fabr. (Araneae: Theridiidae). Ann Sci Nat Zool 12 Ser 19: 63-87
  15. Kovoor J (1987) Comparative structure and histochemistry of silk-producing organs in Arachnids. In: Nentwig W (ed), Ecobiology of Spiders. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 159-186
  16. Kovoor J and Peters HM (1988) The spinning apparatus of Polenecia producta (Araneae: Uloboridae): structure and histochemistry. Zoomorphology 108: 47-59 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00312214
  17. Levi HW (1959) The spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae: Theridiidae). Trans Am Microsc Soc 78: 7-43 https://doi.org/10.2307/3223799
  18. Maretic Z (1987) Spider venom and their effect. In: Nentwig W (ed), Ecophysiology of Spiders. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 142-159
  19. Moon MJ, Kim CS, and Kim WK (1988) Ultrastructure of the ampullate gland in the orb web spider, Nephila clavata L. Koc 2. Sac and tail portion of the large ampullate gland. Korean J Electr Microsc 18: 91-101
  20. Moon MJ and Tillinghast EK (1996) Fine structural aspects of the venom production in the black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans. Korean J Electr Microsc 26: 17-31
  21. Moon, MJ, Townley MA, and Tillinghast EK (1998) Fine structural analysis of secretory silk production in the black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans. Korean J Biol Sci 2: 145-152
  22. Moon MJ, Kim TH, Townley MA, and Tillinghast EK (1999) Fine structural analysis of the capture thread production in the black widow spider, Latrodectus mactans. Korean J Entomol 29: 225-232
  23. Nentwig W and Heimer S (1987) Ecological aspects of spider webs. In: Nentwig W (ed), Ecobiology of Spiders. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 211-225
  24. Peakall DB (1964) Effects of cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs on the synthesis of silk fibroins of spiders. Comp Biochem Physiol 12: 465-470 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-406X(64)90148-3
  25. Peakall DB (1965) Regulation of the synthesis of silk fibroins of spiders at the glandular level. Comp Biochem Physiol 15: 509-515 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-406X(65)90150-7
  26. Peters HM (1987) Fine structure and function of capture threads. In: Nentwig W (ed), Ecobiology of Spiders. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 187-202
  27. Sasaki S and Tashiro Y (1976) Studies on the posterior silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori. 5. Electron microscope localization of fibroin in the posterior silk gland a the later stage of the fifth instar. J Cell Biol 70: 648-659 https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.70.3.648
  28. Sasaki S, Nakajima E, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, and Tashiro Y (1981) Intracellular transport and secretion of fibroin in the posterior silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori. J Cell Sci 50: 19-44
  29. Tillinghast EK and Christenson T (1984) Observations on the chemical composition of the web of Nephila clavipes (Araneae: Araneidae). J Arachnol 12: 69-74
  30. Tillinghast EK and Townley M (1986) The independent regulation of protein synthesis in the major ampullate glands of Araneus cavaticus Keyserling. J Insect Physiol 32: 117-123 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(86)90130-7
  31. Tillinghast EK and Townley M (1987) Chemistry, physical properties, and synthesis of Araneidae orb webs. In: Nentwig W (ed), Ecobiology of Spiders. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 203-210
  32. Vollrath F (1992) Spider web and silk. Sci Am 266: 70-76
  33. Vollrath F and Knight DP (2001) Liquid crystalline spinning of spider silk. Nature 410: 541-548 https://doi.org/10.1038/35069000