Effect of Retinoic Acid on Fgf-8 Expression in Regenerating Urodele Amphibian limbs

  • Han, Man-Jong (Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sogang University) ;
  • Kim, Won-Sun (Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sogang University)
  • Published : 2002.12.01

Abstract

In our previous study, we have shown that Fgf-8 is expressed in the basal layer of the apical epithelial cap (AEC) and in the underlying thin layer of mesenchymal tissue of the regenerating limbs of Mexican axolotl, Amby-stoma mexicanum. Our present RT-PCR data also demonstrate that Fgf-8 transcript is localized both in the mesenchymal and epidermal tissues. To understand the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on the expression of Fgf-8 in the regenerating axolotl limbs, RA was injected intraperitoneally at the dediffer-entiation stage of limb regeneration. The RA treatment caused 8 change in the Fgf-8 expression profile of the regenerating limbs. In RA-treated limbs, duration of Fgf-8 expression was prolonged and a high level of expression was maintained during dedifferentiation and blastema formation stages. These results suggest that Fgf-8 is an important molecule in the process of pattern duplication of regenerating salamander limbs evoked by RA treatment.

Keywords

References

  1. Buxton PG, Kostakopoulou K, Brickell P, Thorogood P, and Ferretti P (1997) Expression of the transcription factor slug correlates with growth of the limb bud and is regulated by FGF-4 and retinoic acid. Int J Dev Biol 41: 559-568
  2. Crawford K and Stocum DL (1988) Retinoic acid coordinately proximalizes regenerate pattern and blastema differential affinity in axolotl limbs. Development 102 :687-698
  3. Flaumenhaft R, Moscatelli D, Saksela O, and Rifkin DB (1989) Role of extracellular matrix in the action of basic fibroblast growth factor: matrix as a source of growth factor for longterm stimulation of plasminogen activator production and DNA systhesis. J Cell Physiol 140: 75-81 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041400110
  4. Gardiner DM, Blumberg B, Komine Y, and Bryant SV (1995) Regulation of HoxA expression in developing and regenerating axolotl limbs. Development 121: 1731-1741
  5. Gudas LJ, Sporn MB, and Roberts AB (1994) Cellular biology and biochemistry of the retinoids. In: Sporn MB, Roberts AB, and Goodman DS (eds), The Retinoids: Biology, Chemistry and Medicine, 2nd Ed., Raven Press, New York, pp 443-525
  6. Han MJ and Kim WS (1988) The effects of retinoic acid on the developing chick wingbuds. Environ Mutag Carrcinog 8: 47-55
  7. Han MJ, An JY, and Kim WS (2001) Expression patterns of Fgf-B during development and limb regeneration of the Axolotl. Dev Dyn 220: 40-48 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0177(2000)9999:9999<::AID-DVDY1085>3.0.CO;2-8
  8. Ju BG and Kim WS (1994) Pattern duplication by retinoic acid treatment in the regenerating limbs of Korean salamander larvae, Hynobius leechii, correlates well with the extent of dedifferentiation. Dev Dyn 199: 253-267 https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001990402
  9. Ju BG and Kim WS (1998) Upregulation of cathepsin D expression in the dedifferentiating salamander limb regenerates and enhancement of its expression by retinoic acid. Wound Repair Regen 6: 349-357 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475X.1998.60410.x
  10. Ju BG and Kim WS (2000) Cloning of a cDNA encoding cathepsin D from salamander, Hynobius leechii, and its expression in the limb regenerates. DNA Seq 11: 21-28 https://doi.org/10.3109/10425170009033966
  11. Kim WS (1996) Amphibian maintenance facilities at Sogang University, Korea. Axolotl Newsletter 25: 11-13
  12. Kim WS and Stocum DL (1986) Retinoic acid modifies positional memory in the anteroposterior axis of regenerating axolotl limbs. Dev Biol 114: 170-179 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(86)90393-3
  13. Klagsbrun M and Baird A (1991) A dual receptor system is required for basic fibroblast growth factor activity. Cell 67: 229-231 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(91)90173-V
  14. Maden M (1982) Vitamin A and pattern formation in the regenerating limb. Nature 295: 672-675 https://doi.org/10.1038/295672a0
  15. Maden M (1983) The effect of vitamin A on the regenerating axolotl limb. J Embryol Exp Morphol 77: 273-295
  16. Mercader N, Leonardo E, Azpiazu N, Serrano A, Morata G, Martinez C, and Torres M (1999) Conserved regulation of proximodistal limb axis development by Meis1/Hth. Nature 402: 425-429 https://doi.org/10.1038/46580
  17. Mercader N, Leonardo E, Piedra ME, Martinez-A C, Ros MA, and Torres M (2000) Opposing RA and FGF signals control proximodistal vertebrate limb development through regulation of Meis genes. Development 127: 3961-3970
  18. Muneoka K and Sassoon D (1992) Molecular aspects of regeneration in developing vertebrate limbs. Dev Biol 152: 37-49 https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(92)90154-9
  19. Park IS and Kim WS (1999) Modulation of gelatinase activity correlates with the dedifferentiation profile of regenerating salamander limbs. Mol Cells 9: 119-126
  20. Riddle RD, Johnson AL, Laufer Ed, and Tabin C (1993) Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA. Cell 75: 1401-1416 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90626-2
  21. Saunders JW and Gasseling MT (1968) Ectodermal-mesenchymal interactions in the origin of limb symmetry. In: Fleischmajer R and Billinghams RE (eds), Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, Wiliams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 78-97
  22. Stocum DL (1979) Stages of forelimb regeneration in Ambystoma maculatum. J Exp Zool 209: 395-416 https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402090306
  23. Tickle C, Alberts B, Wolpert L, and Lee L (1982) Local application of retinoic acid to the limb bond mimics the action of the polarizing region. Nature 296: 564-566 https://doi.org/10.1038/296564a0
  24. Vlodavsky I, Folkman J, Sullivan R, Fridman R, Ishai-Michaeli R, Sasse J, and Klagsbrun M (1987) Endothelial cell-derived basic fibroblast growth factor: Synthesis and deposition into subendothelial extracellular matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 2292-2296 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.8.2292
  25. Voigt A, Hartmann P, and Zintl F (2000) Differentiation, proliferation and adhesion of human neuroblastoma cells after treatment with retinoic acid. Cell Adhes Commun 7: 423-440 https://doi.org/10.3109/15419060009109023
  26. Wang CC, Straight S, and Hill DL (1976) Destabilization of mouse liver Iysosomes by vitamin A compounds and analogues. Biochem Pharmacol 25: 471-475 https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(76)90351-8