An Analysis of the Distribution Structure and Logistics System of Light Petroleum Products

석유제품의 유통구조와 물류체계 분석 - 경질제품을 대상으로 -

The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution structure and the logistics system of light petroleum products from the spatial perspectives. The consumption structure of petroleum products has been changed since the mid 1980s. The growth rate of consumption for light products has been much faster than those of heavy products. The distribution structure of the petroleum products is hierarchically established by refining companies, agencies, and gas stations. The petroleum products agencies are distributed unevenly over the country, and the number of gas stations per one petroleum agency are very differentiated by the region. The light products are directly transported from refining factories to oil storages and then are carried to gas stations. According to the locational characteristics, oil storages which play a key role in the logistics system are categorized into three type. The first type is demand-oriented oil storages which are located near or in the large cities to supply the light petroleum products. The second type is harbors-oriented oil storages which are located within harbors. The third type is railway-oriented oil storages which are located along railway stations. In this study, the thresholds of one oil storage and one gas station are calculated based on the size of supply territory for each oil storage. The average number of population demand that allow a oil storage to stay in business is 1.9 million and average number of cars are 477,200.

본 연구는 경질제품의 유통구조와 물류체계를 공간적 관점에서 분석하였다. 석유제품은 정유사, 대리점, 주유소의 유통기관들을 통해서 공급되지만, 제품의 특성과 용도별로 상이한 유통경로를 갖고 있다. 석유제품의 수송은 정유공장에서 주요 소비지역에 입지하고 있는 저유소까지의 1차 수송과 주유소로부터 주유소나 중소수요처까지의 2차 수송으로 이루어진다. 1차 수송에는 유조선, 유조화차, 송유관, 유조차가 이용되고, 대리점이나 수송용역 업체가 담당하는 2차 수송은 대부분 유조차가 수송을 전담하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 SK와 LG 정유사의 저유소 분포와 저유소 유형별 공급권역을 분석하였다. 또한 하나의 저유소가 관할하는 공급권역내에 포함된 인구수와 자동차수, 주유소수를 도출하였고, 이를 바탕으로 하나의 주유소가 공급을 담당하는 최소요구치 수요인 인구수와 자동차수를 산출하였다.