Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
권호 표지

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure of Workers at Restaurants in Seoul Metropolitan City

서울시 일부 음식점 종업원의 간접흡연 노출량 측정

  • Published : 2002.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) increases the risk of lung cancer and other diverse health effect for nonsmokers. Health risk assessment of nonsmokers related to ETS exposure requires large and exact data of ETS exposure to nonsmokers. This study presented the data of ETS exposure to workers at three category of restaurants(Korean restaurant, coffee shop, wine shop) in Seoul. Markers of ETS exposure measured in this study were area and personal NO$_2$, area and urine nicotine, area respiratory suspended particulate(RSP) and urine cotinine. The mean concentration of RSP and nicotine of all restaurant indoor samples was 177.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥(range:75.3~317.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) and 7.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥(range:0~57.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥). The mean concentration of urine cotinine measured for the biomarker of ETS exposure was 77.3ng/mL(range:17.3~174.6ng/mL). In all measurements, the concentration of ETS markers at the wine shop was higher than those at other restaurants. The correlation coefficient among the ETS markers measured in the study was significant between area RSP and nicotine concentration and between area NO$_2$and nicotine concentration.

Keywords

References

  1. Hurt, R. D. : Treat tobacco dependence and 'bend the trend'. Bulletin of the WorId Health Organization, 77(5), 367, 1999
  2. 보건복지부 : 2001보건복지통계연보. 10. 국제통계, 15, 1999
  3. Tredaniel, J., Boffetta, P., Saracci, R. and Hirsch. A. : Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and adult non-neoplastic respiratory diseases. European Respiratory Journal, 7, 1877-1888, 1994 https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.94.07101877
  4. Hackshaw, A K., Law, M. R. and Wald, N. J. : The accumulated evidence on lung cancer and environmental tobacco smoke. British Medical Journal, 315(8), 980-988, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7114.980
  5. Nafstad, P., Kongerud, J., Botton, G., Hagen, J. A. and Jaakkola, J. J. : The role of passive smoking in the development of bronchial obstruction during the first 2 years of life. Epidemiology, 8(3), 293-297, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199705000-00011
  6. Ahluwalia, I. B., Strawn, L. G. and Scanlon, K. S. : Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and birth outcome: increased effects on pregnant women aged 30 years or older. American Journal of Epidemiology, 146(1), 42-47, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009190
  7. Law, M. R., Morris, J. K. and Wald, N. J. : Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischaemic heart disease and evaluation of the evidence. British Medical Journal, 315, 973-980, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7114.973
  8. Thun, M., Henley, J. and Apicella, L. : Epidemiologic studies of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease and ETS exposure from spousal smoking. Environmental Healt Perspectives, 107(Suppl. 6), 841-846, 1999 https://doi.org/10.2307/3434563
  9. Anderson, H. R. and Cook, D. G. : Passive smoking and sudden infant death syndrome : review of the epidemiological evidence. Thorax, 52, 1003-1009, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.52.11.1003
  10. Gordis, L. : Epidemiology and health risk assessment. Oxford University Press, 31-33, 1988
  11. Eatough, D. J., Benner, C. L., Bayona, J. M., Richards, G., Lamb, J. D., Lee, M. L., Lewis, E. A. and Hansen, L. D. : Chemical composition of environmental tobacco smoke. 1. Gas-phase acids and bases. Environmental Science and Technology, 23, 679-687, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00064a006
  12. Scherer, G. and Richter, E. : Giomonitoring exposure to environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) : A critical reappraisal. Human & Experimental toxicology, 16, 449-459, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1177/096032719701600806
  13. Jaakkola, M. S. and Jaakkola, J. J. K. : Assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. European Respiratory Journal, 10, 2384-2397, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.97.10102384
  14. Watts, R. R., Langone, J. J., Knight, G. J. and Lewtas, J. : Cotinine analytical workshop report: Consideration of analytical methods for determining cotinine in human body fluids as a measure of passive exposure to tobacco smoke. Environmental Health Perspectives, 84, 173-182, 1990 https://doi.org/10.2307/3430719
  15. Yanagisawa, Y. and Nishimura, H. : A badgetype personal sampler for measurement of personal exposures to NO$_2$ and NO in ambient air. Environment International, 8, 235-242, 1982 https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(82)90033-2
  16. 양원호, 고영림, 한인규, 이정민, 정문식, 정문호 : 음식점 비흡연 종업원의 간접흡연 노출량 지표로써 이산화질소 이용. 대한위생학회지, 15(3), 1-7, 2000
  17. Yang, W., Lee, K., Son, H. and Chung, M. : Estimation of personal exposure on nitrogen dioxide using time activity-comparative study between Brisbane, Australia and Seoul, Korea. 대한위생학회지, 15(2), 10-17, 2000
  18. Jaakkola, M. S. and Samet, J. M. : Summary: Workshop on health risks attributable to ETS exposure in the workplace. Environmental Health Perspectives, 107(suppl. 6), 823-828, 1999
  19. 환경부, 환경백서, 2000
  20. Jaakkola, M. S. and Samet, J. M. : Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and health risk assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 107(Suppl. 6), 829-835. 1999 https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.99107s6829
  21. Baek, S., Kim, Y. and Perry, R. : Indoor air quality in homes, offices and restaurants in Korean urban areas; indoor/outdoor relationships. Atmospheric Environment, 31(4), 529-544, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00215-4