Changes in Land Use and Ownership of Kumnamno in Kwangju Under the Rule of Japanese Colonialism

일제(日帝) 강점기(强占期) 광주(光州) 금남로(錦南路) 지역(池域)의 토지이용(土地利用)과 소유(所有)의 변화(變化)

This study explored the changes of the patterns of land use and the social patterns of ownership of Kumnamno in Kwangju under the rule of Japanese colonialism by analyzing the townscape of Kumnamno in terms of the form and function of it. The research was done considering three periods: the year of 1912, 1930 and 1945. Kumnamno is the name of the street as well as the legal district name, and includes Kumnamno 1-ga, 2-ga, 3-ga, 4-ga and 5-ga. In the year 1912, Kumnamno was utilized as land, farmland and road. With the increase in population and the urbanization of the Kwangju area, it gradually began to be changed into land. By 1941, it was completely turned into land. Before and after the year 1910, the streets intersecting the Kumnamno area came into being as the roads of the Kwangju town, and were built with a lattice pattern. The road building of the Kumnamno began in accordance with the building of Kwangju station in 1922. The road building linking Kwangju Station to Chonnam Provincial Hall marked the first appearance of Kumnamno. The block from Ku-sung-no to Kumnamno 3-ga was built in 1925, the block from Kumnamno 3-ga to 2-ga in 1921, and Kumnamno 1-ga in 1930. It was not until the year 1933 that the construction of streets ranging from Ku-sung-no through Kumnamno 5-ga was finished. Examining the land ownership of the Kumnamno area in 1912, the Japanese possessed the land of Kumnamno 1-ga, 2-ga and 3-ga on the one hand and the Koreans possessed the land of 4-ga and 5-ga on the other hand. In 1930, the Japanese enlarged their sphere of influence and controlled the land located in all the areas of Kumnamno, and the Koreans reduced their ownership of Kumnamno 4-ga and 5-ga. There was a tendency for companies to occupy the land rapidly. In 1945, while the land owned by the Japanese decreased and the land owned by the Koreans did not change in quantity, the possessions of companies increased. To summarize, the Kumnamno area had some changes in the use of land during the above mentioned period. This was in part due to the construction of a street linking Kwangju Station to Chonnam Provincial Hall in order to strengthen the authority of the Japanese Government-General of Korea, as well as the expansion of the residential zone with the increase of the population of Kwangju.

본 논문은 토지대장과 지적도를 이용하여 일제강점기 동안 광주의 금남로 지역을 대상으로 토지 이용의 변화, 가로형태의 변화, 토지소유의 사회적 패턴의 변화를 고찰하였다. 일제시대 광주의 대표적인 상징물인 전남도청과 광주역을 연결하는 직선 상징 축으로서 금남로는 1925년에 시작되어 1933년에 완성되었다. 금남로 지역은 밭과 논이 있었으나 1940년에 모두 대지화되었다. 광주읍성내는 일본인과 국가의 토지소유가 많았고, 읍성 밖은 한국인의 토지소유가 많았다. 금남로의 개설이 금남로 1 2 3 4 5가의 토지소유의 사회적 패턴의 변화에 큰 영향을 미치지는 못하였지만, 금남로 5가의 밭의 대지로의 전환에는 약간의 영향을 미쳤다고 할 수 있다. 금남로 지역의 토지이음의 변화에는 금남로의 개설보다는 광주의 인구증가 등 도시화에 의한 영향이 더 크게 작용하였다고 할 수 있다.