유빙이 점유한 남극 마리안 소만의 하계기간 수층 구조와 부유물질 분산

Water Column Structure and Dispersal Pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in a floating ice-dominated fjord, Marian Cove, Antarctica during Austral Summer

  • 유규철 (인하대학교 생물 해양학부) ;
  • 윤호일 (한국해양연구소 극지연구본부) ;
  • 강천윤 (한국해양연구소 극지연구본부) ;
  • 김부근 (한국해양연구소 극지연구본부) ;
  • 오재경 (인하대학교 생물 해양학부)
  • 발행 : 2000.11.30

초록

수리적인 환경 요인(조석, 바람 등)에 따른 하계 서남극 킹조지섬 마리안 소만의 수층 특성과 부유물질 분산을 이해하기 위해 내만에 유빙이 점유했던 시기에 30분 간격으로 CTDT연속 관측을 수행하였고 공간적인 표층 해수의 특성(수온과 염분)과 부유물질농도가 측정되었다. 소만 중앙의 수층은 탁도의 관점에서 크게 1)저온 ${\cdot}$ 저염 ${\cdot}$ 고탁도의 표층 플름과 2)고온 ${\cdot}$ 고염 ${\cdot}$ 저탁도의 맥스웰 만 유입수로 나누어진다. 소만 안쪽의 빙벽 앞과는 달리 빙하기저부 유출에 의한 담수성 수층이 나타나지 않았다. 고온의 맥스웰 만 표층수와 조수빙하/유빙의 열적 융빙은 표층 혼합층을 발달시키며 특히 소만 내 유빙의 점유와 거동으로 인해 맥스웰 만 유입수의 수층 특성이 불안정해진다. 이러한 수층의 불안정으로 인해 조석주기에 따른 맥스웰 만 유입수와 표층 플름의 거동은 나타나지 않았다. 소만 북부 연안에 나타나는 표층 플름에 비해 고온 ${\cdot}$ 고염 ${\cdot}$ 고탁도 표층 플름은 강한 북서풍 계열의 바람으로 위버 반도 서부 연안을 따라 중앙 분지로 유입되는 연안류이다. 표층 플름의 육성기원 쇄설물은 주로 급경사 연안의 빙벽 가장자리와 일부 해안가의 융설수류로부터 유입되며 조석과 바람에 의해 분산되고 조절된다. 특히 대조차 시기의 북서풍은 고탁도의 표층 플름을 내만에 체류시키며 소만 분지에 육성기원 쇄설성입자의 퇴적을 증가시킨다.

Vertical measurement of CTDT at about 30 min intervals and spatial surface temperature, salinity, and concentration of suspended particulate matters were conducted to elucidate the character of water column and the dispersal pattern in a floating ice-dominated fjord, Marian Cove, West Antarctica. Marian Cove showed two distinct water layers in terms of turbidity; 1) cold, fresh, and turbid surface plume in the upper 2 m,2) warm, saline, and relatively clean Maxwell Bay inflow between 15-45 m in water depth. Thermal melting of Maxwell Bay inflow and tidewater glacier/floating ices developed the surface mixed layer and the activity of floating ices cause Maxwell Bay inflow to be unstable. Due to the unstable water column, the development of Maxwell Bay inflow and subsequent surface plume are not influenced by tidal frequency. Coastal current generated by strong northwesterly wind may extend warm, saline, and turbid surface plume into the central part of the cove along the northern coast via the western coast of Weaver Peninsula. Terrigenous sediments of meltwaters from the glaciated ice cliffs near the corner of tidewater glacier and some coasts enter into the cove and their dispersion depends upon the hydrographic regimes (tide, wind, wave etc.). At the period of spring tide, the strong wind stress with the northwesterly wind direction reserve suspended sediment-fed surface plume and so allow the possibility of deposition of terrigenous sediments within the basin of cove.

키워드

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