초록
축분(우분) 퇴비화시 악취 경감과 양질의 퇴비생산을 위한 적절한 공기주입율을 설정하고자, 밀폐형 반응조 (242l)에 우분과 볏짚의 혼합물(65% 수분함량)을 퇴적하고 0.09, 0.18, 0.90 및 $1.79l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}dry-solids^{-1}$ 4처리의 공기량을 주입하여 574시간의 퇴비기간동안 퇴적물내의 산소농도 및 산소소비율의 변화와 황화합물 가스의 발생양상 및 산소농도와의 상관관계를 구명하였다. 1. 퇴적물내의 산소농도는 공기주입 즉시 급격히 감소하였으며, 공기주입을 $0.90l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}dry-solids^{-1}$이하 처리에서의 산소제한성(산소 15%이하)은 공기주입율과 부의 지수적 관계로써 35~300시간의 범위에 있었으나 $1.79l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}$에서는 산소제한성이 없었다. 2. 공기주입율별 산소소비율은 $0.80{\sim}1.57O_2g\;h^{-1}\;kg^{-1}VS^{-1}$ 범위로써 그 크기는 0.90> 1.79> 0.18> $0.09lmin^{-1}kg^{-1}$ 순이었고, 누적산소소비량은 $460{\sim}900O_2g\;kg^{-1}VS^{-1}$ 범위를 나타내었다. 최대 산소소비량은 공기주입율 $1.2{\sim}1.3lmin^{-1}\;kg^{-1}$ 범위로 추정되었다. 3. 황화수소, 이산화 황 및 메틸멀캅탄 가스의 배출농도는 퇴비화 초기에 극도로 높고 후기로 갈수록 급격히 감소하였으며, 처리별로는 공기주입율이 증가할수록 뚜렷이 감소하였다. 가스의 평균 배출농도는 0.03~2.18, 0~0.50, 0.07~3.38 ppm으로 각각 배출되어 그 농도의 크기는 매틸멀캅탄> 황화수소> 이산화황의 순이었다. 4. 퇴적물내의 산소농도와 황화합물 가스의 배출농도와는 1% 고도의 부의 지수적 상관이 있었으며, 황화수소와 메틸멀캅탄 가스는 산소농도 5%이하에서 급격히 증가하고 15%이상에서는 거의 배출되지 않으나 이산화황은 산소농도 29%에서도 배출되는 것으로 추정되었다.
This experiment used the enclosed bench-scale reactors was conducted to find out optimal aeration rate for reducing the emission of odors and producing the good-quality compost with the mixture of dairy manure and rice straw. The reactors with gas sampler were aerated at four different rates of 0.09, 0.18, 0.90 and $1.79l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}$dry solids for 574 hours. The oxygen content within composting pile instantly decreased after aeration. Oxygen limitation(below 15%) in the treatments of $0.90l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}$ and less was exponentially negative relationship with aeration rates and in the range of 35 to 300 hours after aeration. However, the treatment of $1.79l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}$ didn't show the oxygen limitation. The oxygen consumption rate and the cumulative amount of oxygen consumed by different aeration rates was ranged in $0.80{\sim}1.57O_2g\;h^{-1}\;kg^{-1}VS^{-1}$, $460{\sim}900O_2g\;kg^{-1}VS^{-1}$, respectively, and they were high in the order of 0.90, 1.79, 0.18, $0.09l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}$. The maximum oxygen consumption rate was estimated in the range of $1.2{\sim}1.3lmin^{-1}kg^{-1}$. The emission concentrations of sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and methylmercaptan were remarkably high in the initial composting time. Then they were rapidly decreased with the passing of composting time and clearly with increasing aeration rates. Their average concentrations were in the range of 0.03~2.18, 0~0.50, $0.07{\sim}3.38mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively and high in the order of methylmercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide. Concentrations of sulfur compounds emitted from composting showed exponentially negative relationship at 1% statistically with the oxygen concentration. It was estimated that hydrogen sulfide and methylmercaptan suddenly increased in the level of 5% oxygen concentration and below, that they were little emitted in 15% and over but sulfur dioxide was emitted in the level of 20% oxygen.
(National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station, RDA)
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