Steinernema carpocapsae로부터 분리된 Xenorhabdus nematophilus에 의한 살충물질 생산을 위한 최적 배양조건

Optimal Cultur Conditions for the Production of Insecticidal Toxin by Xenorhabdus nematophilus Isolated from Steinernema carpocapsae

  • 유연수 (계명대학교 화학·재료공학부) ;
  • 박선호 (계명대학교 화학·재료공학부)
  • 발행 : 2000.02.01

초록

국내에서 서식하고 있는 곤충병원성 선충 Stemernema Carpocapsae로 부터 분리$\cdot$동정된 Xenorhabdus nematophilus를 대상으로 최적배지조성과 배양조건, 상변화 특성 및 곤충 독성물질 역기를 조사하였다. 균주의 최적배치 조성은 50-70g/L yeast extract, 3 g/L $K_{2}HPO_{4}$, 1g/L $NH_{4}H_{2}PO_{4}$, 2g/L ${MgSO}_4$$\cdot$${7H}_{2}O$,10g/L NaCl 이였으며, yeast extract의 농도가 균주성장 제한인자로 작용하였다. Yeast extract 농도에 대한 비성장속도의 의존도를 Monod equation을 가정하여 비교해 본 결과, 최대 비성장속도는 0.13 $ht^{-1}$이고 Monod 상수값은 20 g/L였다. 배양 배치의 pH는 초기 6-7에 관계없이 성장이 진행됨에 따라서 약 8.5-9.5까지 증가하였으며, 7L fermentor배양에서는 균주의 비성장속도가 약 0.18 $ht^{-1}$로 flask배양보다 1.4배 더 증가하였다. 상변화의 경우 정지기에서도 fermentor배양과 flask배양 모두 약 90% 이상 phase I이 유지되었다. 한편 꿀벌부채명 나방에 대한 구강독성을 시험해 본 결과, X. nematophilus 균주를 유충사료에 첨가하면 꿀벌부채명나방 유충의 정상적인 성장을 저해하였으며, 20여일 경과 후 완전히 유충을 사멸시키는 것을 확인하였다. 배양 상등액을 유충에 직접 주사하였을 때 배양 24 시간인 지수성장기 초기에 가장 독성이 강하였으며, 배양시간이 경과함에 따라 독성이 점차 감소하였다.

Optimal medium composition, culture conditions, characteristics of phase variation and activity of insecticidal toxin by Xenorhabdus nematophilus isolated and identified from Korean entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae were examined. Optimal medium composition of this strain was 50-70 g/L yeast extract, 3 g/L $K_{2}HPO_{4}$, 1g/L $NH_{4}H_{2}PO_{4}$, 2g/L ${MgSO}_4$$\cdot$${7H}_{2}O$, 10g/L NaCl and, these, yeast extract was found as a limiting nutrient for cell growth. When Monod equation was applied, maxmum specific growth rate and Monod constant were estimated as 0.13 $hr^{-1}$ and 20g/L, respectively. The pH of culture medium increased up to 8.5-9.5 regardless of initial pH 6-7 as the cells continued to grow. The specific growth rate in a 7 L fermentor was 0.18 $hr^{-1}$, which was enhancement 1.4 fold compared to a flask culture. In case of phase variation, phase I fraction was maintained above 90% at the stationary phase for both flask and fermentor cultures. According to oral toxicity test of Gallena mellonella by Xenorhabdus nematophilus, the addition of cell pellets into feed inhibited normal growth of insect larvae and killed completely then after 20 days cultivation. When culture supernatant of this strain was injected into hemolymph of insect larva, the toxicity was strongest at 24hr cultivation in the early exponential phase and gradually decreased as the culture time proceeded.

키워드

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