태백산맥 일대 침엽수림의 선태식생의 수리분류학적 연구

Numerical Syntaxonomy of the Bryophyte Communities of the Coniferous Forests in the Taebaek Range

태백산맥의 태백산, 오대산, 설악산 일대에서 산지대 상부부터 분포하는 침엽수림 내의 임상 선태류군락에 대해 수리군락분류학적 수법 및 식물사회학적 방법에 의해 연구하였다. 그 결과 고등식물의 종조성과 관련하여 그에 대응하는 4개의 임상 선태류군락을 식별하였다. 짚빵나무-분비나무/설악눈주목-눈잣나무/수풀이끼-겉창발이끼군락은 조사지역 중 더 높은 해발에 분포하며 주극요소의 종군에 의해 식별되었고, 짚빵나무-분비나무군집 혹은 설악눈주목-눈잣나무군집의 분층군락을 이루었다. 반면에 조릿대-분비나무/등덩굴초롱이끼-긴몸초롱이끼군락, 전나무-분비나무/작은잎깃털이끼-꼬인아기초롱이끼군락, 벌깨덩굴-분비나무/아기호랑꼬리이끼-겹친주목이끼군락은 더 낮은 해발의 침광혼효림 영역에 분포하며, 물개암나무-신갈나무군집의 분층군락을 이루었다. 상기 군락의 조사구 및 종에 대해 집괴분석, 종간결합분석, 주성분분석의 수리군락분류학적 수법을 적용한 결과, 이들은 크게 두가지 형으로 분리되었으며, 각각 산지대와 아고산대의 임상 선태류군라을 특징지웠다. 끝으로 태백산맥에서 냉온대와 아한대의 삼림대적 접속관계를 식물사회학적 입장에서 재검토하였다.

The bryophyte communities on the forest floor of the mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaf forest and the evergreen coniferous forest of cool temperate and subalpine zones in Mts. Taebaek, Odae and Sulak of Tabaek Range were investigated from. the numerical and phytosociological viewpoints. As a result, four bryophyte communities were recognized there, considering the species composition of vascular vegetation; A. Thuja koraiensis-Abies nephrolepis/Taxus caespitosa-Pinus pumila/Hylocomium splendens-Pleurozium schreberi community, B: Sasamorpha borealis-Abies nephrolepis/Plagiomnium cuspidatum- Aulacomnium heterostichum community, C. Abies holophylla-Abies nephrolepis/Thuidium recognitum-Trachycystis immarginata cristatus community, D. Meehania urticifolia-Abies nephrolepis/Hylocomiopsis ovicarpa-Taxiphyllum aomoriense community. Among these, the community A was distributed in higher altitudes and characterized by the species group of the holarctic elements, e.g. Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Dicranum majus, etc. limited in subarctic; subalpine and arctic; alpine zones and was confirmed as synusies of the Thujo-Abietetum nephrolepidis Song 1991 and Taxo-Pinetum pumilae Song 1985 belonging the Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. 1939. In contrast the communities B, C and D were distributed in the mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaf forest of lower altitudes and characterized by the elements of the cool temperate; montane zone. They were confirmed as synusies belonging to the Corylo-Quercetum mongolicae Song 1988. By the result of the numerical syntaxonomical analysis such as cluster analysis, interspecific association, PCA, the communities were largely divided into the two types. The two types coincided with the community units or the diagnostic species of the bryophyte communities of the subalpine zone and the montane zone, respectively. Also the analysis revealed that the division of the above two forest zones are justifiable. Up to date many investigator have described the coniferous forest distibuted above 1000m in Taebaek mountains as the forest vegetation of subalpine zone. However, from the results of the present study, the boundary of the mixed forest and the true subalpine coniferous forest was elucidated to be ca. 1,500 m phytosociologically. Species richness was the highest in the community A, and the other four communities showed a similar species richness.