Isolation and Identification of a Symbiotic Bacterium from Steinernema carpocapsae

  • Park, Sun-Ho (School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Engineering, Keimyung University, Taejon) ;
  • Yu, Yeon-Su (School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Engineering, Keimyung University, Taejon)
  • Published : 1999.03.01

Abstract

Xenorhabdus nematophilus sp., an insect-pathogenic bacterium, was newly isolated from Korean entomopathogenic nematode of Steinernema carpocapsae, which can be used as a useful bioinsecticide. Primary and secondary form variants of Xenorhabdus nematophilus were observed when cultured in vitro. Primary form variants adsorbed bromothymol blue, while secondary form did not. However, many other characters of two variants were very similar. The variants were all rod-shaped and cell size was highly variable ranging from 0.5 by 2.0 ${\mu}$m to 1.0 by 5.0 ${\mu}$m. Both produced highly toxic substances and killed the insect larva within 20∼38 hr, indicating that insect pathogenicity of Xenorhabdus is not directly associated with its phase variation. In addition, cell-free culture supernatant of Xenorhabdus was sufficient to kill the insect larva by injecting it ito insect hemolymph; however, cell-harboring culture broth was more effective for killing the insect. The use of Xenorhabdus nematophilus may provide a potential alternative to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins.

Keywords

References

  1. Kor. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. v.12 no.3 Environmentally friendly biopestcide using entomopathogenic nematodes Park, S. H.;D. W. Kim
  2. Ann. Rev. Entomol. v.38 Entomopathogenic nematodes Kaya, H. K.;R. Gauger
  3. Agric. Ecosystems Environ. v.24 Ecological considerations in the biological control of soil-inhabiting insects with entomopathogenic namatodes Gaugler, R.
  4. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. v.43 DNA relatedness between Xenorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae), symbiotic bacteria of entomo pathogenic nematodes, and a proposal to transfer Xenorhabdus Iuminescens to a new genus, Photorhabdus gen. nov. Boemare, N. E.;R. J. Akhurst;R. G. Mourant
  5. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. v.29 Xenorhabdus gen. nov., a genus of entomopathogenic nematophilic bacteria of the family Entomobacteriaceae Thomas, G. M.;G. O. Poinar
  6. Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control Akhurst, R. J.;M. E. Boemare
  7. Int. J. Parasitol. v.13 The nature of the intestinal vesicle in nematodes of the family Steinernematidae Bird, A. F.;R. J. Akhurst
  8. Nematodes and the biological control of insect pests Akhurst, R. J.
  9. J. Gen. Microbiol. v.12 Morphological and functional dimorphism in Xenorhabdus spp. bacteria symbiotically associated with the insect pathogenic nematodes Neoapletana and Heterorhabditis Akhurst, r. J.
  10. Kor. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. v.14 no.2 Isolation and culture characteristics of a bacterial symbiont from entomopathogenic nematode Steinernerma glaseri Park, S. H.;Y. S. Yu
  11. Kor. J. Soil Zoology v.1 no.1 Entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) from Korea with a key to Steinernema Choo, H. Y.;J. B. Kim;D. W. Lee
  12. Keimyung Univ. Bull. I. I. S. v.21 no.1 Isolation and identification of Xanthomonas maltophilia from Galleria mellonellla larvae Park, S. H.;Y. S. Yu
  13. J. Gen. Microbiol. v.134 Biochemical and physiological characterization of colony form variants in Xenorhabdus spp.(Enterobacteriaceae) Boemare, N.;R. J. Akhurst
  14. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. v.33 Taxonomic study of Xenorhabdus, a genus of bacteria symbiotically associated with insect pathogenic nematodes Akhurst, R. J.
  15. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. v.36 Xenorhabdus nematophilus subsp. beddingii (Enterobacteriaceae) a new subspecies of bacteria mutualistically associated with entomopathogenic nematodes Akhurst, R. J.
  16. Kor. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. v.13 no.1 Culture condition of entomopathogenic nematodes using Galleria mellonella larva Kim, D. W.;S. H. Park
  17. Soil Bio. Biochem. v.26 Functional diversity of microbial communities: a quantitative approach Zak, J. C.;M. R. Willing;D. L. Moorhead;H. G. Wildman
  18. J. Gen. Microbiol. v.134 Lipopolysaccharides of Xenorhabdus nematophilus(Enterobacteriaceae) and their haemocyte toxicity in non-immune Galleria mellonella (Insecta: Lepidoptera) larvae Dunphy, G. B.;J. M. Webster
  19. Science v.280 Insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens Bowen, D. J.;T. A. Rochelean;M. Blackburn;O. Andrew;B. Golubeva;R. Bhartia;R. H. Flrench-Constant