식품소재로서 어류뼈의 성분 특성

Component characteristics of fish bone as a food source

  • 최종덕 (경상대학교 수산가공학과.해양산업연구소) ;
  • 구재근 (군산대학교 수산가공학과) ;
  • 김진수 (경상대학교 수산가공학과.해양산업연구소)
  • Choi, Jong-Duck (Department of Marine Food Science and Technology and Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Koo, Jae-Geun (Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Kunsan National University) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Soo (Department of Marine Food Science and Technology and Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 발행 : 1998.02.28

초록

수산가공 부산물을 식품소재와 같이 효율적으로 이용하기 위한 일련의 기초 연구로 6종의 어류뼈(대구뼈, 명태뼈, 각시가자미뼈, 민태뼈, 붕장어뼈 및 고등어뼈)에 대하여 식품 성분 특성을 검토하였다. 건물당 조단백질 함량, 콜라겐 함량 및 amino acid 조성비는 민태뼈가 각각 40.7%, 5.86% 및 189 잔기/1,000 잔기로 기타 어류뼈의 $28.8{\sim}38.8%$, $39.4{\sim}5.73%$$160{\sim}170$ 잔기/1,000 잔기 보다 높았으나, 가축뼈 콜라겐의 amino acid 조성비(204 잔기/1,000 잔기) 보다는 낮았다. 각시가자미뼈, 붕장어뼈 및 고등어뼈의 경우 건물당 조지방 함량은 $22.8{\sim}43.9%$이었고, 생리작용을 가지고 있는 EPA 및 DHA 등의 조성비는 $15.6{\sim}23.8%$로 오징어 내장의 그 성분들보다 낮았다. 어류뼈의 무기질은 대부분 칼슘$(37.1{\sim}38.6%)$및 인$(18.0{\sim}18.5%)$으로 구성되어 있었고, 이들의 함량은 대구뼈(38.1% 및 18.5%) 및 명태뼈(38.6%, 18.3%)가 다른 어류뼈는 물론이고, 가축뼈보다 많았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 콜라겐 또는 젤라틴 추출 소재로는 민태뼈가, 칼슘 추출소재로는 대구뼈 및 명태뼈가 적절 하였다.

As a part of basic investigation for utilizing by-products derived from seafood processing as a food source, a chemical characteristics of fish bones (cod bone, Alaska pollack bone, yellowfin sole bone, hoki bone, conger eel bone and mackerel bone) were investigated. The crude protein (40.7% on the dry basis) and collagen contents (5.86%, on the dry basis), imino acid composition (189 residues/1,000 residues) of hoki bone were higher than those of the other fish bones, but were lower than those of the animal bone. The crude lipid contents and EPA and DHA compositions of yellowfin sole, conger eel and mackerel bones were $22.8{\sim}43.9%$ on the dry basis and $15.6{\sim}23.8%$, respectively and were lower than those of squid viscera. The major ash components of the fish bones were found to be calcium and phosphorus and the contents in 100 g crude ash were $37.1{\sim}38.6%$ and $18.0{\sim}18.5%$ respectively. The calcium and phosphorus contents in 100 g crude ash of cod and Alaska pollack bones were more than those of the animal bones, as well as the others. It may be concluded, front these results, hoki bone can be effectively utilized as a processing materal of collagen or gelatin and cod and Alaska pollack bones as a calcium source.

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