Studies on the Analysis of Special Components of Major Pine Needles for Searching of the New Functional Substances (I) - Analysis of Pectin, Tannin and Terpenoids -

신기능성 물질 탐색을 위한 침엽수잎의 특수성분 분석에 관한 연구 (I) - 펙틴, 탄닌, 테르페노이드의 분석 -

Pectin and tannin analysis were carried out to inverstigate any available components from Pinus densiflora, P. koraiensis, P. thunbergii and P. rigida. To analyze terpenoid components, the essential oils were extracted with steam distillation method from four kinds of pine needles. The essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS spectroscopy. The results were summarized as follows: Pectin content was highest in P. koraiensis with 0.40%, and tannin content was highest in P. koraiensis with 1.05. Major components of P. densiflora needles were ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, ${\Delta}^3$-carene and phytol. ${\alpha}$-Pinene, ${\Delta}^3$-carene, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, germacrene D, and camphene were found major components in P. koraiensis. Major components of P. thunbergii needles were ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene and germacrene D. ${\beta}$-Pinene, ${\alpha}$-piene, humulene oxide and ${\alpha}$-elemene were major components in P. rigida. Sabinene and citronellol were infrequent components in P. koraiensis, and ${\alpha}$-pinene oxide was present only in P. rigida. ${\alpha}$-Pinene, limonene, and bornylacetate well known as the main components of green air bath were found in P. densiflora and P. koraiensis.

주요 소나무류잎의 특수성분을 분석하여 시판되고 있는 솔잎 가공식품의 기초데이터를 제공함과 동시에 임산화학 분야의 학문적 기초데이터를 축적하기 위하여 실시한 결과, 펙틴은 잣나무가 가장 높게 분석되었으며, 탄닌은 잣나무가 높게 분석되었고, 소나무와 해송은 유사하였다. 테르페노이드 성분중 ${\alpha}$-pinene은 소나무와 잣나무에서, ${\beta}$-pinene은 리기다와 해송에서 높게 분석되었으며, 희귀성분으로는 잣나무에서 sabinene과 citronellol, 리기다에서는 ${\alpha}$-pinene oxide 등이 분석되었다. 특히 소나무잎에 다량 존재하는 성분은 ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, ${\Delta}^3$-carene, phytol 등 이었다. 향기성분의 주체인 ${\alpha}$-pinene, limonene, bornylacetate들이 소나무와 잣나무에서 보다 많이 분석된 것으로 보아 삼림욕의 신선하고 상쾌한 내음의 주체성분이라고 생각된다.