A Frequency-Variable Ultrasonic Vibrator with Conical Horn for Ultrasonic Machining

A frequency-variable ultrasonic vibrator is designed, which is made of a multi-layered PZT vibrator with a conical horn. Transmission line equations for the conical horn are derived and analyzed using the equivalent circuit method in order to analyze the characteristics of the vibrator. The controllability of the driving characteristics by varying the electrical impedance is confirmed by the experimental results of the free admittance characteristics and the vibrational velocity distributions.