Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지

Microenvironmental Exposures To Volatile Organic Compounds

미규모 환경에서의 휘발성 유기화합물 노출

  • 조완근 (경북대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 강귀화 (경북대학교 환경공학과, 대구효성가톨릭대학교 자연대학 환경보건학과, 인제대학교 자연과학대학 환경학과)
  • Published : 1995.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are of concern for their potential chronic toxicity, their suspected role in the formation of smog, and their suspected role in destruction of stratospheric ozone. Present study evaluated the exposures to selected VOCs in three microenvironments: 2 chlorinated and 5 aromatic VOCs in the indoor and outdoor air, and 5 aromatic VOCs in the breathing zone air of gas-service station attendants. With permissible Quality Assurance and Quality Control performances VOC concentrations were measured 1) to be higher in indoor air than in outdoor air, 2) to be higher in two Taegu residential areas than in a residential area of Hayang, and 3) to be higher in the nighttime than in the daytime. Among five aromatics, Benzene and Toluene were two most highly measured VOCs in breathing zone air of service station attendants. Based on the sum of VOC concentrations, the VOC exposure during refueling was estimated to be about 10% of indoor and outdoor exposures. For Benzene only, the exposure during refueling was estimated to cause about 52% of indoor and outdoor exposure. The time used to calculate the exposures was 2 minutes for refueling and 24 hours for indoor and outdoor exposures.

Keywords

References

  1. Proceedings of the 1986 EPA/APCA symposium on measurement of toxic air pollutants Self service station vehicle refueling exposure study Bond,A.E.;V.L.Thompson;G.C.Ortman;F.M.Black;J.E.JR.;Sigsby
  2. Volatile Organic Chemicals in the Atmosphere: An Assessment of Available Data Brodzinsky,R.;H.B.Singh
  3. Gasoline Exposure Study, Prepared for the American Petrolium Instiute Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc
  4. A survey of exposures to gasoline vapor CONCAWE
  5. Draft Report;Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies Occupational Benzene exposure at retail automotive service stations Hartle,R.W.;R.J.Young
  6. Proceedings of the 1987 EPA/APCA Symposium on Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants Organic vapor phase composition of sidestream and environmental tabacco smoke from cigarettes Higgins,C.E.
  7. Environ. Sci. Technol. v.25 no.11 Methylchloromform and TetrachloroEthylene in Southern California, 1987-1990 Hisham,M.W.M.;D.Grosjean
  8. J. Air waste Manage. Assoc. Soil-Gas Contamination and Entry of Volatile Organic Compounds into a House near a Landfill Hodgson,A.T.;K.Garbesi;R.G.Sextro;J.M.Daisey
  9. 81st Annual Meeting of Air Pollution Control Association Field Sampling for Volatiles at a Residential Site Jo,W.K.;L.Berrafato;C.Pietarinen;A.Digioina
  10. Risk Analysis v.10 Chloroform exposure and the health risk and body burden from showering with chlorinated tap water Jo,W.K.;C.P.Weisel;P.J.Lioy
  11. Risk Analysis v.10 Routes of chloroform exposure and body burden from showering with chlorinated tap water Jo,W.K.;C.P.Weisel;P.J.Lioy
  12. Proc. of the EPA/A&WMA International Symposium Routes of chloroform exposure from showering with chlorinated water Jo,W.K.;C.P.Weisel;P.J.Lioy
  13. J. of Korean Environ. Sci. v.3 no.3 Chloroform in the air indoor swimming pools and the outdoor air near the swimming pools in a city of Korea Jo,W.K.;Y.M.Hwang
  14. J. Korea Air Pollution Research Association v.9 A simple and simultaneous Analysis of Volatile Halogenated Hydrocarbons in indoor air using personal sampler Jung,W.T.;D.H.Sohn
  15. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. v.41 Comparative Analysis of Health Risk Assessments for Municipal Waste Combustors Levin,A.;D.B.Fratt;A.Leonard;R.J.F.Bruins;L.Fradkin
  16. Environ. Sci. Technol. v.24 no.7 Assessing total human exposure to contamonants Lioy,P.J.
  17. Environ. Sci. Technol. v.21 no.1 Airborne toxic elements and organic substances Lioy,P.J.;J.M.Daisey
  18. J. of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology v.1 no.1 Indoor/Outdoor, and Personal Monitor and Breath Analysis Relationships for Selected Volatile Organic Compounds Measured at Three Homes During New Jersey TEAM-1987 Lioy,P.J.;L.Wallace;E.Pellizzari
  19. Final Report Evaluation of the health effects from exposure to gasoline vapors Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management(NESCAUM);M.J.Bradley
  20. EPA 600/6-87/002b. NTIS #PB 88-100078 v.Ⅱ Total Exposure Assessment Methodology(TEAM) Study: Elizabeth and Bayonne, New Jersey: Devils Lake, Noth Dakoda: and Greensboro, North California Pellizzari,E.D.;Perritt,K.;Hartwell,T.D.;Michael,L.C.;Whitmore,R.;Handy,R.W.;Smith,D.;Zelon,H.
  21. EPA 600/6-87002c. NTIS #PB 88-100086 v.Ⅲ Total Exposure Assessment Methodology(TEAM) Study: Selected Communities in Northern and Southern California Pellizzari,E.D.;Perritt,K.;Hartwell,T.D.;Michael,L.C.;Whitmore,R.;Handy,R.W.;Smith,D.;Zelon,H.
  22. Appl. Ind. Hyg. v.2 Exposures to hydrocarbon components of gasoline in the petroleum industry Rappaport,S.M.;S.Selvin;M.A.Waters
  23. EPA-600/4-83-027 Technical assistance document for sampling and analysis of toxic organic compounds in ambient air Reggin,R.M.
  24. Environ. Sci. Techno. v.22 no.12 Distribution of Volatile Organic Chemicals in Outdoor and Indoor Air Shah,J.J.;H.B.Singh
  25. Environ. Sci. Tech. v.21 Volatile organic compound emissions from 46 in-use passenger cars Sigsby,J.E.;Jr.S.B.Tejada;W.D.Ray;J.M.Lang;J.D.Duncan
  26. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. v.41 Evaluation of Risks from Urban Air Pollutants in the Southest Chicago area Summerhays,J.
  27. Society of Automotive Engineers(SAE) Technical Paper Series: No. 860087 Measurement of vapor exposure during gasoline refueling, Prepared for the International Congress and Exposition Tironi,G.;G.J.Nebel;R.L.Williams
  28. EPA/902/R-93-001 Staten Island/New Jersey Urban Air Toxics Assessment Project Report U.S. EPA
  29. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals Verschuern,K.
  30. EPA 600/6-87/002a. NTIS #PB 88-100060 v.1 Total Exposure Assessment Methodology(TEAM) Study: Summary and Analysis Wallace,L.A.
  31. J. of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology v.1 no.2 The Los Angeles TEAM Study: Personal Exposures, Indoor-Outdoor Air Concentrations and Breath Concentrations of 25 Volatile Organic Compounds Wallace,L.;W.Nelson;R.Ziegenfus;E.Pellizzari;L.;Micheal;R.;Whitmore;H.Zelon;T.Hartwell;R.Perritt
  32. J. of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology v.2 no.1 Exposure to emissions from gasoline within automobile carbins Weisel,C.P.;N.J.Lawryk;P.J.Lioy
  33. J. of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology no.SUP. 1 Utilization of breath analysis for exposure and dose estimates of chloroform Weisel,C.P.;W.K.Jo;P.J.Lioy
  34. J. of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology v.2 no.1 Individual and population exposure to gasoline Wixtrom,R.N.;Stephen,L.B.