Changes in City Classification by Wholesale Activities in Korea

都賣業 販賣活動에 의한 韓國의 都市類型 變化

Wholesaling is important industry that is remarkable by the function and characteristics of city. This paper aims at examing the recent changes in hierarchy of cities and city classifi-cation by wholesale activities in Korea. In order to grasp the stydy purpose, this paper is to analuze the changes of categories by wholesale industry, and to grasp the change in the city classification with city hierachy of wholesale sales in 1968, 1979, and 1991. The data were obtained from the statistics in the Census of Wholesale and Retail Trade published by the National Statistical Office, in 1969, 1981, and 1992. As the result of examination, the following finding were obtained: 1. Wholesaling has developed form that of production and consumption goods wholesale, especially 'Wholesaling of Farm Products, Foods and Beverages' to that of investment goods that is 'Wholesaling of Machinery and Equipment' and 'Wholesaling of Transport Equipment and Parts'. 2. Wholesaling has developed in the medium and small cities in 1970's, and in the larger cities in 1980's. And the concentration ratio of six larger cities were lower than another cities in terms of wholesale sales, especially Seoul and Pusan. 3. Recently with income increment and a purchasing power, city classification was changed by the increasing number of wholesale establi-shments of 'Automotive Parts and Tyres' in 1970's and of 'Office, Computing and Accounting Machines and Motor Vehicles' in 1980's.

1968~1991년 사이에 도매업 판매활동에 의한 한국의 도시유형 변화를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 점이 밝혀졌다. 1. 양년도 사이에 생산. 소비제 관계 도매업 특히 {농산물 및 음식료품} 도매업에 치우친 업종구성에서 기계 및 장비, 운수장비 등 투자재의 수요확대를 반영하는 도매업의 발달을 가져왔다. 2. 1970년대에는 중.소도시의 도매업 성장이, 1980년대에는 대도시의 도매업 성장이 이룩되었다. 그리고 6대 도시의 도매업 판매액의 집중률이 낮아졌으며, 특히 서울.부산의 집중율이 낮아졌다. 3. 최근 소득의 향상과 더불어 구매력 증대를 배경으로 1970년대에는 자동차 부품, 타이어 도매상점수가, 1980년대에는 사무용 기기, 자동차 도매업의 상점수가 크게 증가한 것이 도시유형을 변화시킨 원인이다.