불안척도에 의한 대학생의 정신건강 평가

A Study on Anxiety in College Students

영남대학교에 재학하고 있는 남녀 대학생 중 5,869명(남대생 : 3,893명, 여대생 : 1,976명)을 조사 표본으로 Zung의 불안척도를 사용하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 불안성적의 평균점수는 남대생 $36.92{\pm}7.07$, 여대생 $39.63{\pm}7.51$이며 남녀 대학생 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.001). 불안의 항목별 성적은 남녀 공통적 으로 발한, 우려, 안절부절, 불면, 호흡곤란에서 높았으며 이상감각, 정신적 붕괴, 진전, 졸도감, 현훈 등은 낮았다. 그러나 남녀간의 비교에서는 여대생이 더 심하고 다양한 증상을 나타내었다. 불안성적 분포상 50점 이상인 경우는 남대생의 5.2%, 여대생의 10.2%로 여대생에서 고득점자가 많았다. 남대생에서는 학년이 올라갈 수록 불안성적이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 여대생에서는 기숙사와 기타 형태로 거주하는 경우 및 형제자매가 학비를 부담하는 경우에 불안 성적이 높았다. 남녀 모두 자신의 소속학파나 대학에 불만이 있는 경우 및 과거, 현재, 미래의 자기상이 비관적인 경우에 불안성적이 높았다.

The authors studied anxiety, using Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), in the subjects of 3,893 male and 1,976 female college students of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of SAS during the periods from October to November, 1984, and applied ANOVA and t-test on the anxiety scores in order to compare them between various psychosocial factors, and sexes. The results could be summarized as follows: There was significant difference in the mean averages of total anxiety score's between male and female students ; male students scored $36.92{\pm}7.07$, female students scored $39.63{\pm}7.51$, p<0.001. The anxiety scores relating to the items of sweating, apprehension, restlessness, insommia, dyspnea were relatively higher in both groups. The anxiety scores in the items of paresthesias, mental disintegration, tremors, faintness, dizziness were lower in both groups. Two hundred and one male students (5.2%) showed seriously high anxiety scores of 50 or higher, while 201 female students (10.2%) showed the same scores. So the authors inferred that the features of anxiety symptoms were much the same in our country, but females showed more various symptoms and higher level of anxiety than males. In a comparison between male students in different school grades, freshmen showed the highest level of anxiety scores and as the grades of the students became higher, the levels of anxiety scores were lower. The female students who resided in dormitory or other residences, and whose educational fees were paid by brothers or sisters, showed higher level of anxiety scores. There was a strong tendency toward higher anxiety scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their colleges or departments, and who had pessimistic views of self image in the past, present, or future, in both groups.