옥수수 및 Sorghum에 있어서 탄수화물과 NEL 축적에 관한 연구. I. Fructosan , Mono 및 Disaccharose의 합성 및 축적형태

Studies on Reserved Carbohydrates and NEL ( Net energy Lactation ) in Corn and Sorghum I. Synthesis and Accumulation Pattern of Fructosan, Mono-and Disaccharose

本試驗은 옥수수 및 Sorghum類에 싫어서 形態的特性과 環境溫度가 Fructosan Mono- 및 Disaccharose의 合成, 移動 및 蓄績形態와 NEL價値이 미치는 影響을 究明코저 옥수수의 Blizzard와 Sorghum의 Sioux 및 Pioneer931을 供試品種으로 하여 圃場 및 Phytotron試驗으로 實施하였다. Phytotron의 晝/夜間 室內溫度는 30/25, 25/20, 28/18및 18/8$^{\circ}C$로 하였으며 日照는 30.000~35.000 Lux로 13時間 照謝하였다. 1978~’81年까지 얻어진 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 옥수수 및 Sorghum類의 non-structural carbohydrate는 主로 Mono- 및 nisaccharose形態로 蓄績된다. Mono- 및 Disaccharose의 蓄績은 幼穗가 分化된以後 本格的으로 이루어져 乳熟期初期에 各各 옥수수 27.8~29.1 % 및 Sorghum類 16.8-20.4%로 最高濃度水準에 달한다. 2 Fructosan含量은 옥수수와 수수 各作物 共히 1.5~2.5%內外로서 全生育期間을 通해 큰 變化가 없다. 3. Mono- 및 nisaccharose는 主로 줄기部位에 蓄績되나 出糖期以後 穀實이 形成됨에 따라 이들 T財C의 大部分은 이삭部位로 移動되어 Starch 形態로 貯藏된다. Starch의 合成 및 蓄績은 Mono- 및 Disaccharose의 減少와 灰比例 한다. 4. 옥수수 및 Sorghum의 同化能力은 溫度가 上昇됨에 따라 增大되나 溫度 30$^{\circ}C$以上의 高溫下에서는 植物體內의 Mono- 및 Disaccharose蓄績이 적게 일어난다. 한편 溫度 18/8$^{\circ}C$以下의 低溫에서는 合成된 Saccharose가 移動되지 못하고 줄기 및 葉에 과다 蓄績되어 葉의 同化能力이 減少되고 物質生産이 中止된다. 5 NEL 및 Starch value는 non- structural carbohydrate의 合成 및 蓄續形態에 따라 影響을 받는다. 植物體內의 NEL 蓄績은 Mono- 및 Disaccharose의 蓄積이 本格的으로 進行되는 幼穗分化期以後부터 서서히 增加하여 完熟初期에 各各 옥수수 6.6~6.9MJ/kg 및 Sorghum類 5.8~6.0MJ- NEL/kg으로 가장 높은 水準을 나타낸다.

Phytotron and field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of morphological development and environmental temperature on synthesis, translocation and accumulation behaviour of Fructosan, Monoand Disaccharose in corn cv. Blizzard and fodder sorghum cv. Sioux and Pioneer 931 at Munich technical university. Sorghum and maize plants were grown for 42 days at 4 temperature regimes (30/25, 25/20, 28/18 and 28/8 dog C) and mid-summer sunlight over 13-h days. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1 Non-structural carbohydrates in maize and sorghum were accumulated mainly as Mono- and Disaccharose. The concentrations of Mono- and Disaccharose were increased markedly after differentiation of growing points and shown at early milk stage the highest contents with 27.8-29.1% and 16.8-20.4% for maizeand sorghums respectively. 2. Non-structural carbohydrates were accumulated mainly in stalk. However, during the late maturity the most of Mono- and Disaccharose were translocated into grain and reserved as starch. The increase of starch was associated with decrease of total non-structural carbohydrates. 3. Fructosan synthesis was not affected by morphological changes and environmental factors, which shows a value of 1.5-2.5% in whole stage of maize and sorghum. 4. Sorghum and maize plants were shown to have a great photosynthetic rates to high temperature. Reserved Mono- and Diaaccharose were, however, declined when temperature exceeded 30 dog C. Under cold stress at l8/8 deg C non-structural carbohydrates were not translocated and also were accumulated in leaves too much that cause to restrict of photosynthesis. 5. Net Energy Lactation (NEL) of sorghum and maize were directly associated with synthetic rates of non-structural carbohydrates, especially Mono- and Disaccharose. The highest values of NEL were found at physiological maturity stage with 6.6- 6.9 MJ and 5.7-6.0 MJ-NEL/kg for maize and sorghum respectively.