A Methodology for the Estimation of Design Flood of a Small Watershed

소하천유역(小河川流域)의 계획홍수량(計劃洪水量) 산정방법(算定方法)의 개발(開發)

  • Received : 1984.01.20
  • Published : 1984.03.31

Abstract

This study is an effort to develop a series of empirical procedure for the determination of design flood for a small watershed based on the unit hydrograph theory. It is shown that a flood discharge of a watershed with a specific return period can be expressed as a product of its watershed area, rainfall factor, runoff factor and flood peak reduction factor. Since the procedures for the determination of rainfall factor and runoff factor were already developed in the previous study (13) a series of step-by-step procedure is devised to empirically determine the flood peak reduction factor in the present study. Using the methodology developed herein the 50-year design flood, which is of concern in the drainage of agricultural lands, is estimated for a watershed on upper Kyungan River and compared with the design floods by the existing methods now in use. The flood peak reduction factor was correlated with the dimensionless parameter consisted of the rainfall duration divided by the basin lag time, which was computed from the derived unit hydrographs by the method of moment. The unit hydrographs of various durations were synthesized by the method of build up and S-curve. A multiple correlation was also made between the basin lag time and the physiographic parameters of the watershed, i.e., the stream length and the average stream slope.

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 단위유량도이론(單位流量圖理論)에 근거하여 소하천유역(小河川流域)의 계획홍수량(計劃洪水量)을 결정할 수 있는 일련(一聯)의 경험적(經驗的)인 절차(節次)를 개발한 것이다. 특정재현기간(特定再現期間)의 홍수량(洪水量)은 유역면적(流域面積)에 재현기간(再現期間)에 해당되는 강우능계수(降雨能係數)와 강우특정기간별(降雨特精期間別) 유출능계수(流出能係數) 및 첨두홍수량(尖頭洪水量) 감소계수(減少係數)의 곱으로 표시(表示)하였다. 강우능계수(降雨能係數)와 유출능계수(流出能係數)의 결정방법(決定方法)은 본(本) 연구이전(硏究以前)에 수행된 연구(硏究)(13)에서 정립(定立)된 바 있어 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 첨두유량감소계수(尖頭流量減少係數)를 결정하는 방법(方法)을 개발(開發)한 후 경안천(慶安川)의 한 지점유역(地點流域)에 대한 50년홍수량(年洪水量)을 이 방법(方法)으로 산정(算定)하여 이를 타홍수량(他洪水量) 추정방법(推定方法)과 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하였다. 첨두홍수량(尖頭洪水量) 감소계수(減少係數)는 면적집성법(面積集成法)에 의해 유도된 소유역별(小流域別) 단위도(單位圖)로부터 산정(算定)된 유역(流域)의 지체시간(遲滯時間) 대비(對比) 강우(降雨)의 특정시간(特精時間)을 변량(變量)으로 하여 상관관계(相關關係)가 수립되었으며, 지체시간(遲滯時間)은 유역(流域)의 지형인자(地形因子)인 유로연장(流路延長) 및 평균유로경사(平均流路傾斜)와 상관(相關)시켰다.

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