한국연안의 표면해수와 대기간의 열교환

Heat Exchange At The Sea Surface In The Korean Coastal Seas

해양과 대기간의 열교환에 관한 문제는 세계적으로 여러 학자들의 연구에 의해서 강조되어 온 바와 같이 해양학과 기상학에서 매우 중요한 비중을 차지하고 있는 분야 로서 선진제국의 이에 대한 관심과 연구열은 매우 다대하다. 한국근해에서의 해양과 대기간의 열교환에 관하여는 Jacobs(1951), Manabe(1957, 1958), Ninomiya(1964,1968) Wyrtki(1965, 1968), Takahashi(1969), Moriyasu(1952, 1969), Ishida(1970) 및 한( 1970, 1972) 등의 조사보고가 있으나 이들은 대개 한국근해를 중심으로 다루어진 것이 아니거나 시기적으로 또는 지역적으로 국한되어 있는 것이므로 우리나라 근해에서의 전반적인 열교환에 관하여는 보고된 바가 거의 없는 실정이다.

The annual nariation of surface heat exchange at ten selected station in the Korean coastal seas was studied using data of monthly mean surface temperature and meteorological parameters averaged for many years. Through heat exchange between the sea and the atmosphere, the surfaces in the Korean coastal seas are warmed by accepting heat from the atmosphere during march to September in the west coast sea, during Aprill to August in the south coast sea which includes the Ulleung-do coast sea and during April to September in the east coast sea. The periods which are cooled by losing heat to the atmosphere correspond to residual months excepting the above warming periods. Maximum total heat exchange during the warming period at each station shows the distribution of 320-720cal/ $\textrm{cm}^2$ day in June to July and during the cooling period shows the distribution of -260∼-940 cal/$\textrm{cm}^2$ day in November to January. The annual average total heat exchange shows warming of 100-240 Cal/$\textrm{cm}^2$ day in the west coast sea, cooling of -90∼-150 Cal/$\textrm{cm}^2$ day in the south coast sea and the Ulleung-do coast sea, and slight warming or cooling of -15∼65 Cal/$\textrm{cm}^2$ day in the east coast sea. Maxima or minima of the surface temperature in the Korean coastal seas appear in the month that the warming or cooling period is ended. The evaporation rate is highest during October to next January with the distribution of 5∼12mm/day.