Studies on the Microflora and Enzymes Influencing on Korea Native Kochuzang (Red Pepper Soybean Paste) Aging

재래식(在來式) 고추장 숙성(熟成)에 미치는 미생물(微生物) 및 그 효소(酵素)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

The study was carried out to investigate the changes of the various chemical components and the microflora during the aging period of Korean navive Kochuzang. (Red pepper soybean paste) Korean native maeju loaves were separated into surface and inner parts. Three kinds of Korean native Kochuzang were prepared from surface part, inner part, and ordinary of maeju. The selection and the indentification of the high enzyme producing strains from the microflora and characteristics of their enzymes were studied. I. The changes of the various chemical components during the aging period of Kochuzang. 1) The changes of pH in the 3 kinds of Kochuzang displayed rapid decrease for the first 10 days after preparing and gradual curve of decrease until 60 days, but slight increase for the next 30 days. The pH of the surface part Kochuzang was lower than that of inner part or ordinary Kochuzang. 2) The total acid contents in the 3 kinds of Kochuzang showed gradual increase until the 60 days but it slowly reduced after this time. 3) The total nitrogen contents in the 3 kind of Kochuzang showed gradual inerease up to the 60 days, but slight decrease after this time. 4) The changes of trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen in the 3 kinds of Kochuzang showed a remarkable increase for the first 10 days, however gradual increase after this time. 5) The increase of amino nitrogen contents in the 3 kinds of Kochuzang seemed to be remarkable until the first 30 days, however to be less remarkable after this time. 6) The contents of reducing sugar in the 3 kinds of Kochuzang showed remarkable increase until the first 50 days and it slowly reduced after this time. II. The changes of microflora during the aging period of Kochuzang. 1) Aerobic, anaerobic bacteria and mold in the 3 kinds of Kochuzang were increased until the first 30 to 40 days, but they were reduced after this time. 2) No yeast in the three kinds of Kochuzang appeared until the first 20 days. Yeast were proved to grow, when the pH value was decreased below 5.4 after the 30 days. Yeasts in the surface part and ordinary Kochuzang were gradually increased and those in the inner part Kochuzang were decreased as aging. III. The selection and identification of high amylase and protease producing strains from the microflora during the aging period of Kochuzang. 1) The amylase and protease highly producing strains from microflora were identified as Bacillus subtilis-P, Bacillus subtilis-G, Bacillus licheniformis-K, Aspergillus oryzae-B. 2) Amylase activity of Aspergillus oryzae-B was highest among the strains and the strains in order of the higher activity to the lower one were Bacillus subtilis-P Bacillus licheniformis-K, Bacillus subtilis-G. Protease activities of Aspergillus oryzae-B and Bacillus subtilis-P were about the same and the strains in order of the higher activity to the lower one were Bacillus licheniformis-K, Bacillus subtilis-G. 3) Amylase activity was inhibited more than protease activity was with NaCl concentration. Amylase activity was inhibited by 45 to 65 percent and protease activity by 40 to 46 percent at the concentration of 15 percent NaCl, which was the average concentration of NaCl in Kochuzang.

재래식메주에 있어서 자연서식한 microflora의 상태에 따라 외부(外部) 내부(內部) 외부(外部)와 내부(內部)의 혼합으로 각각 3구의 재래식 고추장을 담가 숙성과정중의 제화학성분 및 미생물의 동태(動態)를 조사하고 숙성과정에 관여한 미생물을 순수분리하여 이들의 효소활성을 screening하여 우수균주를 선정 및 동정 하였으며 효소적 특성을 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 제화학 성분변화 (1) pH의 변화는 숙성 10일에 급격히 강하하였고 숙성 60일까지 점차 완만한 감소를 보이다가 그 이후는 약간 증가하였다. 메주외부고추장구(區)의 pH가 가장 낮았으며 메주내부고추장구(區)의 메주혼합고추장구(區)의 pH는 서로 비슷하였다. (2) 총산의 면화는 숙성 60일까지 3구(區) 공히 서서히 증가하다가 그 이후 점차 감소하였다. (3) 총질소의 변화는 숙성 60일까지 3구(區) 공히 점진 증가하다가 그후 약간 감소하였다. (4) Trichloroacetic acid에 가용(可容)인 질소의 변화는 숙성 10일에 3구(區) 공히 급격히 증가하였고 그후는 완만한 증가를 보였다. (5) amino태(態) 질소의 변화는 숙성 30일까지 3구(區) 공히 크게 증가하다가 그 이후는 완만하게 증가하였다. (6) 환원당의 변화는 숙성 50일까지 3구(區) 공히 증가하다가 그 이후는 서서히 감소하였다. 2. Microflora의 변화 (1) 호기성세균군(群), 혐기성세균군(群), mold군(群)의 변화는 숙성 $30{\sim}40$일까지 3구 공히 증가하였으나 그 이후는 감소하는 경향이었다. (2) Yeast군(群)의 변화는 3구 공히 숙성 20일까지는 보이지 않다가 pH가 5.4이하로 강하된 때부터 나타나기 시작하며 메주내부 고추장구(區)에서 처음에는 많이 나타났으나 점차로 감소하였고 메주 외부고추장구(區), 메주혼합고추장구(區)는 처음에는 적게 나타났으나 점차로 증가하였다. 3. 효소활성이 우수한 균주 및 그 효소특성 (1) amylase와 protease를 분비하는 우수균주는 Bacillus subtilis-P, Bacillus subtilis-G, Bacillus licheniformis-K, Aspergillus oryzae-B로 동정되었다. (2) amylase activity가 가장 강한 것은 Aspergillus oryzae-B였고 그 다음이 Bacillus subtilis-P Bacillus licheniformis-K, Bacillus subtilis-G의 순서였다. protease activity에 있어서는 Aspergillus oryzae-B와 Bacillus subtilis-P가 거의 비슷하게 우세하였고 Bacillus licheniformis-K, Bacillus subtilis-G의 순서였다. (3) 효소활성에 대한 식염농도 영향은 amylase가 protease보다 식염에 의한 저해를 많이 받고 있어서 고추장 식염농도인 15% NaCl에서 amylase activty는 $45{\sim}65%$, protease activity는 $40{\sim}46%$의 저해를 받았다.